1. Westward Expansion
2.1: Summarize the impact of the westward movement on nationalism and democracy, including the expansion of the franchise, the displacement of Native Americans from the southeast and conflicts over states’ rights and federal power during the era of Jacksonian democracy as the result of major land acquisitions such as the Louisiana Purchase, the Oregon Treaty, and the Mexican Cession.

2. Westward Expansion
Increased Nationalism (pride and loyalty to the nation)
Also increased Sectionalism (pride and loyalty to region)
South wanted to expand slavery, North wanted to expand industry
North wanted a tariff, South did not
West wanted internal improvements
All wanted access to cheap new land

3. Major Land Acquisitions
Louisiana Purchase
Texas Annexation
Mexican Cession

4. Nationalism
Expansion increased nationalism by promoting the idea of Manifest Destiny
Idea that it was the US’s destiny to expand across the continent (from sea to shining sea)
Painted the Pioneer as the iconic American (Daniel Boone, Davy Crockett)
Praised the “Common Man” as the embodiment of Democracy

5. Louisiana Purchase
President Jefferson wanted the US to control the Mississippi River
The French offered to sell all of their American Territory
Jefferson was reluctant because of his “Strict” interpretation of the Constitution (it doesn’t give the President the power to expand the nation)

6. Louisiana Purchase More than doubled the size of the US
Gave the US control of the Mississippi River and the port of New Orleans
Important transportation network to get agricultural products from the “Old Northwest” to a global port

7. Impact of the Louisiana Purchase
Set the precedent for future land acquisitions
Opened new land for settlement
New land was sold by government at low rates
Ensured the spread of democracy as territories began entering into the Union as states on equal terms as the original 13

8. Spread of Democracy
The right to vote was enjoyed by most males as land became cheaper
1820s: States began dropping property qualifications for voting and expanded the franchise (right to vote) to all white males
African American property owners were deliberately disenfranchised
Voting became a celebrated action and political campaigns became a popular pastime

9. Andrew Jackson 1st President elected from the West (Tennessee)
Founded the Democratic Party (1st Democrat President)
Self-describe champion of the “Common Man”
Supported Westward Expansion and used it to strengthen the Democratic Party

10. Displacement of Native Americans
Americans continually displaced Native Americans as they moved west
INDIAN REMOVAL ACT
Jackson initiated a formal Indian removal policy as President to make room in the West for common white men
Thought new land would increase opportunity in America

11. Trail of Tears Worcester v. Georgia & Cherokee Nation v. Georgia
Supreme Court decides Cherokee are a distinct nation within a nation
Georgia cannot take land or force natives off
US Government ignores ruling
Jackson, “Marshall made his decision, now let him enforce it.
Native Americans responded to forced migration in two ways
Resistance (refusal and fighting)
Assimilation (adoption of white culture)
Journey became known as the “Trail of Tears”
Trail of Tears

12. Sectionalism
Economic differences continued to grow between the North and the South
South: Agricultural, pro-Slavery
North: Industrial and Commercial, anti-Slavery
Issue of the expansion of slavery would eventually threaten national unity
Led to a conflict over States’ Rights (South) and Federal Power (North) during the nullification crisis
North wanted a high tariff to protect American industry
South did not want prices to be raised, saw tariff as an “abomination”
West sided with the North in exchange for the promise of internal improvements and continued access to cheap land

13. Andrew Jackson’s Administration
Bank Crisis
Jackson hated the Bank of the United States
Vetoes the recharter of the bank in 1832
Begins to remove money from the bank and lending to smaller state banks
Increased credit but caused some banks to fail

14. Andrew Jackson’s Administration
Nullification Crisis
South Carolina used the States’ Rights theory to declare the “tariff of abominations” null and void
President Jackson was determined to uphold the supremacy of the federal government
Force Act - Threatened to use federal force against SC
South Carolina agreed to rescind their nullification after Jackson threatened them and Congress reduced the tariff