1. Election of 1824 Four Democratic-Republicans run for president. – By 1824, the Federalist Party no longer existed. Andrew Jackson won the popular vote and electoral college, but did not have a majority. Election goes to the House of Representatives Henry Clay gives election to John Quincy Adams (6 th president). – Clay appointed Secretary of State by Adams- “Corrupt Bargain!!”

2. Expansion of Democracy After 1828, control of the state and national governments moved from the aristocracy to the common white man (The Age of the Common Man): – Universal white male suffrage-most states dropped all religious and property qualifications for voting. o American men began to see each other as equals.

3. How would having more eligible voters change campaigns? How would it change how people vote and work in Congress?

4. Election of 1828 Jackson (Democratic Party) easily defeated Adams (National Republican). In 1824, 350,000 white males voted, more than 1 million voted in 1828. – Helped elect Jackson. – Power shift in American politics away from the east coast to the west.

5. Election of 1828 (cont.) Campaign characterized by mudslinging, unfounded accusations, “dirty tricks.” Slaves and Women still do not enjoy the political freedoms of white males.

6. Election of 1828 (cont.) – Whig Party – 1834 – Included Democrats opposed to Jackson and supported the American System. New England, mid- Atlantic and Midwestern states. Industry.

7. President Andrew Jackson People thought he was an ordinary person- ‘Common Man’ – Actually a wealthy plantation owner. Spoils System - practice of awarding government jobs to campaign supporters for loyalty. – Rotation of office. – Jackson claimed that it placed the common man in office. – Critics said it introduced corruption.

8. Explain how the Spoils System could have a positive and negative effect on U.S. government.

9. Jackson and the National Bank As a result of the Panic of 1819, the National Bank was viewed by most as a tool of the wealthy, not the common man. – The President of the bank, Nicholas Biddle favored the wealthy. Jackson thought the bank was unconstitutional and vetoed the bill in 1832 to recharter the bank.

10. Jackson and the National Bank (cont.) He placed all federal money in “pet banks” (State Banks chosen by Jackson). Jackson’s actions increased inflation because state banks put too much money into circulation.

11. Panic of 1837 Jackson sought to control inflation and prevent another Panic of 1819 with the Specie Circular in 1836. – All federal land purchases must be made in gold of silver, not paper money. – The price of land falls and money loses its value. People fail to pay loans, leading to the Panic of 1837 (a major economic depression)-bank failures, record unemployment and 5-year depression-caused by Jackson’s decision to veto the National Bank.

12. Summarize the causes of the Panic of 1837.

13. Native American Policy Jacksonian Democracy did not extend to Native Americans. – Americans were hungry for territory in the west (Manifest Destiny). – Jackson believed that the most humane solution was to have Native Americans leave their land and move west of the Mississippi. Indian Removal Act of 1830 led to the relocation of thousands of tribes, most went reluctantly by 1835.

14. “Friends and brothers, listen. Where you now are, you and my white children are too near to each other to live in harmony and peace... Beyond the great river Mississippi, where a part of your nation has gone, your father has provided a country large enough for all of you, and he advises you to remove to it.” -Jackson’s letter to the Creek about Indian removal

15. Cherokee Resistance Cherokees challenged in court: – Won against the government in Worcester v. Georgia (1832)-could not be forced to move by the government. Clash between state and federal law. – “John Marshall has made his decision; now let him enforce it!... Build a fire under them. When it gets hot enough, they'll go.”

16. Cherokee Resistance (cont.) Cherokee resist until 1838 when U.S. Army forced them to leave Georgia and march to present-day Oklahoma - Trail of Tears. –R–Rounded up and placed in camps, homes and property burned, their ancestral homeland was given away in a lottery to white settlers. –4–4,000 died on trip west-starvation, disease, exhaustion, or murdered.

18. “I fought through the civil war and have seen men shot to pieces and slaughtered by the thousands, but the Cherokee removal was the cruelest work I ever saw.” -a Georgia soldier writing about the Trail of Tears

19. Analyze the long term effects of Indian Removal on the relationship between Native Americans and the U.S. government.