1. ch3 ALL ABOUT COMPUTERS Session # 2

2. OBJECTIVES In this Session we will discuss about  Computer Components (The Software)  The definition of Software.  Operating System (System Software)  Application Software.  Programming Languages.  Introduction to Networks  What is a Network.  What are benefits of Networks.  Classifications of Computer Networks.  Types of Servers. MODULE 1 : ALL ABOUT COMPUTERS ( SESSION # 2 )

3. What is Software ?  The software of a computer system refers to the organized sets of instructions that control the working computer operations. MODULE 1 : ALL ABOUT COMPUTERS ( SESSION # 2 )

4. Types of Software  Software may be categorized into two types:-  2. Application Software. 1. System Software. MODULE 1 : ALL ABOUT COMPUTERS ( SESSION # 2 )

5. System Software  It is “background software” that comprises of programs that the computer uses to manage its tasks and devices.  System software enables the application software to interact with the computer hardware. MODULE 1 : ALL ABOUT COMPUTERS ( SESSION # 2 )

6. Operating System  Operating System are programs that organizes and controls computer hardware and software so that the computer system behaves in an efficient way.  The Operating System has two main functions in the computer system :  Providing User Interface.  Managing Resources.  Process Management  Peripheral Management  Memory Management  Running Applications. MODULE 1 : ALL ABOUT COMPUTERS ( SESSION # 2 )

7. Interfaces of Operating System (CLI and GUI ) Command Line Interface (CLI) Graphical User Interface (GUI) MODULE 1 : ALL ABOUT COMPUTERS ( SESSION # 2 )

8. Examples Of Operating System MS-DOS Microsoft WindowsLinux MacOS MODULE 1 : ALL ABOUT COMPUTERS ( SESSION # 2 )

9. Application Software  Software that is designed for a specific task is called application software. Application software are also known as “end user” software. Examples: MODULE 1 : ALL ABOUT COMPUTERS ( SESSION # 2 ) 1)Opera (Web Browser) 2) Microsoft Word (Word Processing) 3) MySQL (Database Software) 4) Microsoft Powerpoint (Presentation Software) 5) iTunes (Music / Sound Software)

10. Types of Application Softwares These programs can be categorized further as :  General Use Application software  Specific Use Application software  General Use Applications are those programs which most computer-competent persons are familiar with, such as browsers, word processors, spreadsheets and database management systems.  Specific Use Applications are written for a specific task rather for a broad application area. These programs provide facilities specifically for the purpose for which they were designed. For example, Airline Reservation Systems, Hospital Billing System, and School Information Management System, etc. MODULE 1 : ALL ABOUT COMPUTERS ( SESSION # 2 )

11. Programming Languages  The term Programming Language usually refers to High-Level Languages.  It is much easier to write a computer Program in High-Level Languages than in the Low Level Language (Machine Language.)  Any High Level Programming Language has a unique set of keywords (words that it understands) and a special Syntax for organizing program instructions.  Examples of Programming Languages  C Language.  C++.  Java.  Visual Basic. .Net MODULE 1 : ALL ABOUT COMPUTERS ( SESSION # 2 )

12. Software Development Life Cycle  Software (Program) Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is essentially a series of steps that provide a model for the development and lifecycle management of a Software Application. Phases of SDLC MODULE 1 : ALL ABOUT COMPUTERS ( SESSION # 2 )

13. Introduction to Computer Networks  A “Computer Network” is a communication system that connects two or more computers so that they can exchange information and share resources.  Computers in a network can be set up in different ways to suit the needs of users. MODULE 1 : ALL ABOUT COMPUTERS ( SESSION # 2 )

14. Benefits of Computer Networks  Exchanging Information.  Sharing of Resources (e.g. a Printer).  Sharing Applications.  Secure and Protect Data and Information.  Providing Easy Communication. MODULE 1 : ALL ABOUT COMPUTERS ( SESSION # 2 )

15. Classification of Computer Networks Computer Networks are classified into different types based on the following :  According to Network’s Transport Media.  Wired Network  Wireless Network.  According to Network’s Geographical Area.  Local Area Network (LAN).  Metropolitan Area Network (MAN).  Wide Area Network (WAN).  According to the Network’s Management System.  Peer to Peer.  Client-Server. MODULE 1 : ALL ABOUT COMPUTERS ( SESSION # 2 )

16. Classification of Computer Networks  According to Network’s Transport Media  Wired Networks: The Computer Networks which are set up by using the Transport Medium such as Wires or Cables, are called as Wired Networks.  Wireless Networks : Wireless Networks do not use a solid substance to connect different devices on the network. They use Air as Transmission Medium. Examples of wireless Networks Microwave Links Satellites Communication Bluetooth WIFI MODULE 1 : ALL ABOUT COMPUTERS ( SESSION # 2 )

17. Classification of Computer Networks  According to Network’s Geographical Area  Local Area Network (LAN) Networks with nodes that are in close physical proximity-within the same building, are called local area networks (LANs). Typically, LANs span distances less than a mile. Local Area Network MODULE 1 : ALL ABOUT COMPUTERS ( SESSION # 2 )

18. Classification of Computer Networks  Metropolitan Area Network Also known as regional networks, MANs span distances up to 100 miles. These networks are frequently used as links between office buildings that are located throughout a city. Metropolitan Area Network MODULE 1 : ALL ABOUT COMPUTERS ( SESSION # 2 )

19. Classification of Computer Networks  WIDE AREA NETWORK WANs are countrywide and worldwide networks. These networks provide access to regional service (MAN) providers and typically span distances greater than 100 miles. They use microwave relays and satellites to reach users over long distances Wide Area Network MODULE 1 : ALL ABOUT COMPUTERS ( SESSION # 2 )

20. Classification of Computer Networks  According to the Network’s Management System  Peer To Peer Networks In a peer-to-peer network system, nodes have equal authority and can act as both clients and servers.  Client-Server Network: Client/server network systems use one computer to coordinate and supply services to other nodes on the network. The server provides access to resources such as Web pages, databases, application software, and hardware. MODULE 1 : ALL ABOUT COMPUTERS ( SESSION # 2 )

21. Server and its Types  A network computer that contains the hard drives, printers and other resources that are shared with other computers within a network is a Server.  Types of Servers  The Mail Server: A mail server also called as an e-mail server is a computer within a network that works as your virtual post office. A mail server usually consists of a storage area where e-mails are stored for local users.  The Application Server: Application server also called an appserver. It is a computer that handles all application operations between users and an organization's backend business applications or databases.  The Printer Server: A print server is a software application, network device or computer that manages print requests and makes printer queue status information available to end users and network administrators. MODULE 1 : ALL ABOUT COMPUTERS ( SESSION # 2 )

22. Server and its types MODULE 1 : ALL ABOUT COMPUTERS ( SESSION # 2 )

23. The end MODULE 1 : ALL ABOUT COMPUTERS ( SESSION # 2 )