1. Christopher Marlowe & Sir Walter Raleigh

2. Christopher Marlowe Life and Style
An Elizabethan Dramatist
Scholarships to King’s school in Canterbury and Cambridge University
Translated poems by Ovid – books were burned for being to erotic
Became a spy
A rebel – jailed after a someone died in a street fight.
Accused of making scandalous, seditious, atheistic speeches.
Arrested – killed in a bar fight before he was tried.

3. Christopher Marlowe Life and Style
It is believed that he faked his death and wrote Shakespeare’s plays.
Dramatic poems are all tragedies
Characters have grandiose ideas and themes.
Ambition can only be stopped by death.

4. “The Passionate Shepherd to His Love”
And
“The Nymph’s Reply to the Shepherd”

5. Getting Ready to Read (in your journals…)
Carpe diem, “seize the day,” is a call to live life to the fullest right now: “Let us eat and drink, for tomorrow we die,” as the Roman poet Horace said.
How do you embrace the carpe diem spirit?
Writing 2.3: Exploring significance

6. Surveying the Text “The Passionate Shepherd…”
This poem is a pastoral poem. What characteristic do pastoral poems have?
How many lines are in the poem?
How is the poem divided up?
Is there a rhyme scheme of the poem?
Reading 2.1 Analyze features of texts.

7. Making Predictions and Asking Questions
What do you think the Shepherd will say to his love? **Remember that this a carpe diem poem and a pastoral poem**
Reading 2.3 Verify facts

8. Introducing Vocabulary
Highlight the following vocabulary words in the poem.
Prove
Madrigals
Kirtle
Swains
Thou
With a partner decide what you think the word means based on its context.

9. Introducing Key Vocabulary
prove
madrigals
kirtle
Swain
thou (thee, thy)
Dress, gown, or skirt
experience
Young boy
Complicated songs for several voices
you
Word Analysis 1.1 & 1.2

10. First Reading

11. Rereading the Text
In the right hand margin, summarize each stanza in one sentence.
In the left hand margin, write your reaction to each stanza.

12. Analyzing Stylistic Choices TPCASTT
Reread the first three stanzas. Mark any alliteration, connotative words, meter, rhyme, repetition.
What is the main idea of the first three stanzas?
What does the shepherd want?
What does he offer?
Reading Comprehension 2.2

13. Analyzing Stylistic Choices TPCASTT
Reread the last three stanzas. Mark any alliteration, connotative words, meter, rhyme, repetition.
What is the main idea of the last three stanzas?
What does the shepherd want?
What does he offer?
Literary Analysis 3.3. Analyze how irony, tone, mood, style, and "sound" of language achieve specific aesthetic purposes.

14. Analyzing Stylistic Choices (cont’d) list the details that appeal to each of the senses.
Hearing
Sight
Smell
Touch
shallow rivers
gowns
roses
rocks

15. In pastoral writing, the harsh realities of country life do not exist
In pastoral writing, the harsh realities of country life do not exist. Which details of the shepherd’s description seem distinctly idealistic? What realistic, gritty details of a shepherd’s life can you imagine?

16. Compare artist’s portrayal of mood with Marlowe’s expression of tone; also, note theme similarities.

17. Sir Walter Raleigh
Considered the foremost poet of the Elizabethan era.
Attended Oxford – did not finish
Studied law – did not finish
Captain of Irish army
Knighted by Queen Elizabeth
Granted 12,000 acres in New World
Lost popularity when secretly married one of Queen’s maids
Queen died – King James charged Raleigh with treason
Locked in London Tower for 12 years
Became free to bring gold of Spain to the King
Beheaded when disobeyed orders in 1618.
Joked with executioner and gave the signal for the axe.
Introduced potatoes and tobacco to England

18. Sir Walter Raleigh Renaissance Man Brave Cultural grace Gentle man
Well educated
Understanding of arts/science – writer and poet
Noble position

19. Sir Walter Raleigh Poetry Carefree Often made words up
Poems are powerful, outspoken, blunt and full of courage

20. Surveying the Text “The Nymph’s Reply…”
How many lines are in the poem?
How is the poem divided up?
Is there a rhyme scheme of the poem?
Reading 2.1 Analyze features of texts.

21. Making Predictions and Asking Questions
How do you think the Nymph will reply to the Shepherd?
What counterarguments might she use? Draft a quick reply in your journal.
Reading 2.3 Verify facts

22. Introducing Key Vocabulary
fold
Philomel
wanton
gall
luxuriant
Pen where sheep are kept
A bitter substance
The nightingale
Word Analysis 1.1 & 1.2

23. First Reading

24. Vocabulary Note
Nymph means “young woman,” but Raleigh was no doubt aware of its other meanings. The word nymph comes from the Greek word for “bride,” and in Greek and Roman mythology, a nymph was a nature spirit.
How do these meanings apply to the poem?
Word Analysis 1.1 & 1.2

25. Rereading the Text
Reread the first four stanzas. Mark any alliteration, connotative words, meter, rhyme, repetition, antonyms.
How does the nymph’s view of life differ from the shepherd’s?
Reading Comprehension 2.2

26. Analyzing Stylistic Choices
Paraphrase the fifth stanza.
How does Raleigh satirize (poke fun of) the carpe diem theme?
What is the tone of the nymph’s reply?
Literary Analysis 3.3. Analyze how irony, tone, mood, style, and "sound" of language achieve specific aesthetic purposes.

27. Works Cited
“Christopher Marlow.” 5 December TheaterHistory.com 3 December 2006.
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Jarvis, Brian. “Rogues, Vagabonds, and Sturdy Beggars.” 1 December 2006.
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Marlow, Christopher.” Encyclopedia Britannica Encyclopedia Britannica Online. 15 December
2006.
Probst, Robert E., ed. “Sir Walter Raleigh.” Elements of Literature: Sixth Course. New York, Holt,
Rinehart, and Winston: