1. World War IISection 1

2. World War IISection 1 Main Idea In the late 1930s Germany, Italy, and Japan used military force to build empires. Their aggressive actions led to the outbreak of World War II. Chapter 14.1-Axis Aggression

3. World War IISection 1 Germany Expands After World War I Treaty of Versailles seriously damaged German economy Adolf Hitler came to power –Promised to restore Germany’s greatness –Wants to unite all German speaking people of Europe Hitler wanted more territory –Neighbors aware of threat –Memories of World War I still fresh –No one willing to fight over words

4. World War IISection 1

5. World War IISection 1 Militarizing the Rhineland 1936 German armed force sent to the Rhineland Located between Germany and France French and British complained  no direct action taken German troops remained  Hitler grew bolder Rebuilding the German Military Secretly rebuilt military Unchallenged—openly stated plan to re-arm Germany 1935- Signed treaty with Britain to build subs and warships Claimed resisting spread of communism—but empire building

6. World War IISection 1 Hitler builds alliances with other totalitarian governments. Military force to achieve goals Anti-Comintern Pact –Germany and Japan –Prevent spread of communism –Oppose USSR Axis Powers- Italy, Germany, Japan Pledge aid in event of war The Axis forms Italy and Germany support fascist Nationalists Soviet Union supports Republicans Nationalists win after years of fighting –Francisco Franco –Fascist dictator Spanish Civil War 1936 Alliances and Civil War

7. World War IISection 1 Hitler demanded Austrian officials to accept annexation Formal joining of lands Initial Austrian resistance Britain and France did nothing March 1938-unopposed German forces take over Austria Hitler’s demands Europeans eager to avoid war Hitler targets Austria German-speaking country Hitler’s birthplace Nazi supporters in Austria Aggressive moves Annexing Austria 1938

8. World War IISection 1 Sudetenland eager to be a part of Germany Large German-speaking population  wanted to join Germany Hitler threatened the Czech government Czechs prepared for war Policy of appeasement Appeasement—giving in to aggressive demands in order to avoid war Winston Churchill and others opposed the policy Avoiding conflict September 1938—meeting in Munich Chamberlain (British) and Daladier (French) agreed not to block Hitler Czechs had no support in a war Czechoslovakia 1938

9. World War IISection 1

10. World War IISection 1 A Secret Deal with Stalin Germany and Soviet Union on opposite sides Spanish Civil War –No direct conflict –Axis Powers united against Soviet Union –Soviet leader Joseph Stalin threatened by German expansion France and Britain discuss possible alliance with Soviet Union –Stalin did not trust British or French –In secret negotiations with Germans Instead signs German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact –Each side agreed not to attack the other  allowed further German aggression in Europe –Secret section divided up territory, Poland, in Eastern Europe News shocked British and French

11. World War IISection 1 September 1, 1939 Germany attacked Poland World War II begins Blitzkrieg or “lightning war” Support for Poland Britain and France declared war on Germany Allies form with 19 countries Devastating effects Polish air force destroyed Soldiers fought; no match for German forces No natural barriers in the way German troops in position On Germany’s western border Hitler eager for assault on France Plans for invasion made The War Begins

12. World War IISection 1

13. World War IISection 1 Attack on France Denmark, Norway, Netherlands, and Belgium were captured Tank attack through Ardennes Forest (natural barrier) overwhelmed light resistance France surrendered to Germany in June 1940 Vichy, France- remained until French control but cooperated with Hitler Battle for Britain Great Britain stood alone against German war machine British radar technology was secret weapon for air defense British stood firm during Battle of Britain Hitler called off invasion plans 1940–1941

14. World War IISection 1

15. World War IISection 1 June 1941, Hitler’s invades the Soviet Union 3 million troops sent to Russia Very successful blitzkrieg attack Major goals of were to capture cities of Leningrad and Moscow not reached before harsh Soviet winter German soldiers/equipment not prepared for conditions Soviet armies had time to rebuild and would fight back Invasion of the Soviet Union

16. World War IISection 1 Japan’s alliance with Germany was seen as a sign of a war plan. Japan sent forces to Indochina for resources of oil and rubber. US bans the sale of oil to Japan Hideki Tojo held peace talks with the U.S. but planned for war. Japan sent ships to Hawaii Surprise attack on U.S. Navy Pacific Fleet Fighters and bombers launched from carriers Raid a success Pearl Harbor Dec 7, 1941 Destruction/Heavy casualties –2,400 dead –200 planes gone –Eight battleships sunk Three carriers survived Two-hour attack Japan Attacks

17. World War IISection 1 Attack had profound effect Ended desire to stay out of Europe’s war War declared on Japan Germany and Italy declare war on U.S. Allies vs. Axis Isolationism