1. WORLD HISTORY CHAPTER 19 VOCABULARY– THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION (1760-1900)

2. FINANCIAL ASPECTS OF THE TIME capitalmoney available for investment Entrepreneurperson interested in finding new business opportunities and new ways to make profits

4. SOME MORE “ISMS” ON PHILOSOPHY abolitionisma movement to end slavery romanticisman intellectual movement that emerged at the end of the eighteenth century in reaction to the ideas of the Enlightenment; it stressed feelings, emotion, and imagination as sources of knowing realismmid-nineteenth century movement that rejected romanticism and sought to portray lower- and middle-class life as it actually was Secularization (not an “ism,” but it’s here anyway LOL)indifference to or rejection of religion or religious consideration

6. A FEW INVENTORS OF THE ERA James WattScottish engineer who, in 1782, made changes to the steam engine which enabled it to drive machinery to spin cotton, thus improving production Robert FultonAmerican inventor who built the first paddle-wheel steamboat in 1807 Robert OwenUtopian socialist who set up a flourishing community in New Lanark, Scotland

8. A FEW SCIENTIFIC INNOVATORS HERE: Louis PasteurFrench biologist whose discovery of microorganisms in fermentation led to pasteurization and who also proposed the germ theory of disease which advanced modern scientific medical practices Charles DarwinBritish scientist who formulated the theory of evolution by natural selection

10. THE CRUCIAL TREATIES OF THE TIME Congress of ViennaPeace Treaty designed by heads of European German Confederation38 independent German states recognized by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 of which Austria and Prussia had the greatest powers

11. CONGRESS OF VIENNA

12. A FEW ARTISTIC INNOVATORS TO LIST: Ludwig van BeethovenGerman composer known for his classical symphonies; considered one of the greatest composers who continued to compose after he became deaf Charles Dickensfamous British novelist who wrote realistic novels focusing on the lower and middle classes of England's early Industrial Age; wrote Oliver Twist and David Copperfield

14. A COUPLE IMPORTANT PLACES TO KNOW Manchesterrich cotton-manufacturing city in England Liverpoolthriving port in England Viennacity in Austria that hosted the Congress of Vienna in 1814 Piedmontnorthern Italian state (unified) Alsace & Lorraineprovince of France turned over to Prussia after the Franco-Prussian War in 1871 powers in 1814 (Great Britain, Austria, Prussia, Russia) which rearranged territories after Napoleon's defeat to form a new balance of power

16. GOVERNMENT SYSTEMS OF THE TIME Socialismsystem in which society, usually in the form of the government, owns and controls the means of production conservatismpolitical philosophy based on tradition and social stability, favoring obedience to political authority and organized religion Liberalisma political philosophy originally based largely on Enlightenment principles, holding that people should be as free as possible from government restraint and that civil liberties - the basic rights of all people - should be protected militarismreliance on military strength

17. SOCIALISM

18. A FEW RULERS/LEADERS OF THE TIME kaiserGerman for “Caesar" the title of the emperors of the Second German Empire Louis-Napoleonelected president of France's Second Republic in 1848 after the French Revolution; the nephew of Napoleon Giuseppe GaribaldiItalian patriot who unified Italy Otto von BismarckPrussian prime minister in 1860s who governed Prussia without parliament's approval and forced war first with the Austrians and then the French (Franco- Prussian War in 1870) where France was forced to relinquish Alsace and Lorraine. Prussia was then the strongest power in Europe.

20. SOME MORE RULERS TO MENTION -- *Queen VictoriaBritish queen from 1837-1901 with the longest reign in English history who helped to stabilize the economy with continued improvements as a result of the Industrial Revolution. In 1876, she also assumed the title of Empress of India. *Czar Alexander IIruler of Russia who freed the serfs in 1861

22. GOVT. SYSTEMS THAT ARE NOT “ISMS” Principle of interventionidea that great powers have the right to send armies into countries where there are revolutions to restore legitimate governments universal male suffragethe right of all males to vote in elections secedeTo withdraw (like a state or nation) Bill of RightsAmerican written statement of fundamental rights and privileges for an individual

23. THIS IS THE AMERICAN BILL OF RIGHTS

24. INDUSTRIAL SYSTEMS OF THE TIME Cottage Industrymethod of production in which tasks are done by individuals in their rural homes Puddlingprocess in which coke derived from coal is used to burn away impurities in crude iron to produce high quality iron Industrial capitalismeconomic system based on industrial production or manufacturing

25. THE BESSEMER STEEL-MAKING PROCESS

26. A NEW SCIENTIFIC CONCEPT OF THE DAY natural selectionthe principle set forth by Darwin that some organisms are more adaptable to the environment than others, in popular terms, survival of the fittest