1. Unit 4 Bell Ringer 1 1)What is a democracy? Where was the 1 st democracy? A democracy is a government run by the people, in which citizens make the laws. The ancient city- state of Athens was the world’s first democracy. Opening: Answer questions 348 & 349 on page 136- 137 in your blue CRCT GA Test Prep textbook

2. Unit 4 Bell Ringer 2 2) What is an Oligarchy? An Oligarchy is a government that is run by a few people, usually by members of rich, powerful families. The ancient city-state of Sparta was on Oligarchy Opening: Answer questions 350 & 351 on page 136- 137 in your blue CRCT GA Test Prep textbook

3. Unit 4 Bell Ringer 3 3) What is a Republic? Where was the 1 st Republic? A Republic is a government in which citizens have the right to choose their leaders. The ancient Romans set up the first Republic in 509 B.C. Opening: Answer questions 345-347 on page 134- 135 in your blue CRCT GA Test Prep textbook

4. Unit 4 Bell Ringer 4 4) What is a Monarchy? A Monarchy is a government headed by a king a queen. A Monarchy can either be an Absolute Monarchy or a Constitutional Monarchy. Opening: Answer questions 352 & 353 on page 138 in your blue CRCT GA Test Prep textbook

5. Unit 4 Bell Ringer 5 5) What is a Constitutional Monarchy? A Constitutional Monarchy is a government headed by a king or queen whose powers are limited by the constitution. Opening: Answer questions 354-356 on page 138- 139 in your blue CRCT GA Test Prep textbook

6. Unit 4 Bell Ringer 6 6) What is an Absolute Monarchy? An Absolute Monarchy is a government ruled by a monarch who has complete power to govern. Opening: Answer questions 357-359 on page 139- 140 in your blue CRCT GA Test Prep textbook

7. Unit 4 Bell Ringer 7 7) What is a Tyranny? What is a dictator? What is an Autocratic government? A Tyranny is a type of government in which all power is held in the hands of one ruler, usually a military leader. A dictator is a ruler who has absolute power & authority. An Autocratic government is ruled by a single ruler with unlimited power Opening: Answer questions 360-362 on page 140 in your blue CRCT GA Test Prep textbook

8. Unit 4 Bell Ringer 8 8) What is the Magna Carta? The Magna Carta is a document drawn up by English nobles in 1215 that established the idea that the king must live by the law. Before this document, kings did whatever they wanted. Opening: Write a few sentences about the constitution of the United States of America

9. Unit 4 Bell Ringer 9 9) During the Age of Exploration, what were the explorers originally looking for?

10. 9) During the Age of Exploration, what were the explorers originally looking for? They were looking for sea routes to the far east (India & China) in order to obtain goods such as spices & silks Opening : List as many European explorers as you can?

11. Unit 4 Bell Ringer Question #10 What did Prince Henry the Navigator contribute to the Age of exploration?

12. 10) What did Prince Henry the Navigator contribute to the Age of exploration? He built a school in 1418 to improve navigation techniques & shipbuilding. He also paid for and organized many expeditions along the western coast of Africa. Opening :Answer questions 400 & 401 on pg156 In your blue CRCT Georgia GPS Social Studies textbook

13. Unit 4 Bell Ringer 11 Which Portuguese Explorer was the 1 st to round the tip of Africa? Opening : Answer questions 402 & 403 on pg 157-158 in your blue CRCT GA textbook

14. Bartolomeu Dias Opening : List as many European explorers as you can?

15. Unit 4 Bell Ringer 12 Which Portuguese Explorer was the 1 st to reach India?

16. Vasco da Gama Opening : Answer questions 404 & 405 in your blue CRCT GA Test Prep textbook on pg157-158

17. Unit 4 Bell Ringer 13 Which Spanish Explorer led the 1 st expedition to successfully circumnavigate the globe?

18. Ferdinand Magellan Opening : List as many European explorers as you can?

19. Unit 4 Bell Ringer 14 Why did European nations want colonies?

20. They gave them Wealth & Status among the nations of Europe. They gave them Wealth & Status among the nations of Europe. Opening : List as many European colonies as you can?

21. Unit 4 Bell Ringer 15 How & why were Africans brought to European colonies in the America’s?

22. They were brought by ship across the Atlantic Ocean to work as slaves in the European colonies in the America’s Opening : List as many Indian tribal groups as you can?

23. Unit 4 Bell Ringer 16 How did the possession of colonies affect the economies of Europe?

24. They helped by providing a source of natural resources and a large market for selling goods. Opening : List as many natural resources as you can

25. Unit 4 Bell Ringer 17 What did European countries do to protect their colonial empires?

26. They built large armies & navies Opening : List all the weapons used in World War I & World War II

27. Unit 4 Bell Ringer 18 What is nationalism & why was it so widespread in Europe in the 1800s & 1900s?

28. Nationalism is the love of one’s country more than the love of one’s native region or state. Opening: Answer questions 411 & 412 on page 161 in your blue CRCT GA textbook One of the reasons that nationalism became so widespread in Europe during this time was because many of the nations of Europe had adopted some form of democratic government.

29. Unit 4 Bell Ringer 19 What did the nations of Europe do to prevent the outbreak of war before WWI?

30. Many of the nations of Europe decided to sign military alliances with one another to prevent outsiders from declaring war. Opening : Answer questions 413 & 414 on page 161 in your blue CRCT GA textbook

31. Unit 4 Bell Ringer 20 Whose assassination began WWI?

32. Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary Opening : Answer questions 415 & 416 in your blue CRCT textbook on page 162

33. Unit 4 Bell Ringer 21 What were the two alliances called during WWI & which alliance was victorious?

34. The Allied Powers & The Central Powers. The Allied Powers won. Opening: Answer questions 417 & 418 on pg 162 in your blue CRCT GA Test Prep textbook

35. Unit 4 Bell Ringer 22 When did the Russian Revolution begin & how did it change the government & economy of Russia?

36. 1917 The government went from autocratic to (one party=communist) democratic. The economy went from market to command Opening: Answer questions 419-421 in your blue CRCT GA textbook on page 163

37. Unit 4 Bell Ringer 23 What is the name of the document that officially ended WWI?

38. The Treaty of Versailles Opening : Answer questions 422-424 on page 164 in your blue CRCT GA textbook & do you know who these four men in the picture?

39. Unit 4 Bell Ringer 24 What effect did the Versailles Treaty & its terms have on the German economy?

40. A bad one. Many were unemployed and their currency lost its value. Opening: Answer questions 425 – 427 on pages 164-165 in your blue CRCT GA textbook, then write a few sentences about how to help the poor in the world

41. Unit 4 Bell Ringer 25 When did the NAZI Party leader become Chancellor of Germany & what was his name?

42. 1933 – Adolf Hitler Opening: Write a few sentences about what can be learned from Adolf Hitler’s life after answering questions 428 & 429 on page 166 in your blue CRCT GA Test Prep textbook

43. Unit 4 Bell Ringer 26 What were the Nuremburg Laws & when were they established?

44. In 1935, Nazi Germany passed the Nuremburg Laws, which stripped Jews of German citizenship, prohibited them from public employment. Opening: Write a few sentences about why it is wrong to discriminate other humans after answering questions 430 & 431 on page 167 in your blue CRCT textbook

45. Unit 4 Bell Ringer 27 Hitler’s “blitzkrieg” into which country began WWII in Europe?

46. POLAND Opening: Make a timeline listing all the events that we are studying. The time line can be found on page 168 in your CRCT GA Test Prep textbook

47. Unit 4 Bell Ringer 28 Who were Hitler’s allies?

48. The Axis Powers Included: Germany, Italy, Japan, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, and a scattered variety of people who wanted to be free of their colonial masters. Opening: Answer questions 432 – 434 on page 168 in your blue CRCT GA Test Prep textbook & who are these men in the following pictures?

49. Unit 4 Bell Ringer 29 What was the Holocaust?

50. The mass murder of approximately 6 million Jews by Hitler’s Germany is known as the Holocaust. Opening: Answer questions 435 & 436 on page 169 in your blue CRCT GA Test Prep textbook, then write a few sentences describing what can be learned by studying about the Holocaust?

51. Unit 4 Bell Ringer 30 Which Alliance was victorious In WWII & what were the 3 most powerful nations in this alliance?

52. The Allied Powers: Great Britain, USA, Soviet Union Opening: Answer questions 437 & 438 on page 169 in can your blue CRCT GA Test Prep textbook & can you name the leaders in the picture? Also, please write a paragraph about what can be learned from studying World War II?

53. Unit 4 Bell Ringer 31 What was the Marshall Plan?

54. In 1947, US Secretary of State George C. Marshall, developed the Marshall Plan to give economic aid to the countries of western Europe. This money helped to rebuild the destroyed nations of Europe. Opening: Write a paragraph about reasons for helping other countries rebuild after the destruction that comes from war & bad weather.

55. Unit 4 Bell Ringer 32 What is the Cold War? How was the Cold War different from World War I & World War II? A term used to describe the tensions developed after World War II between the democratic nations of the west & the soviet Union communism nations on the east. NATO and the Warsaw Pact nations did not fight, but they would not trade or cooperate with each other either Opening: Answer questions 439-441 on page 170 in your blue CRCT GA Test Prep textbook, list as many countries as you can from Europe.

56. Unit 4 Bell Ringer 33 What is the Iron Curtain? After World War II, political differences divided Europe. The eastern countries were communist controlled by the former Soviet Union. The western countries were democracies controlled by democratic political principles lead by the United States of America. These differences gave rise to an invisible wall known as the Iron Curtain. While there was no actual curtain, people of the East were restricted from traveling outside of their countries. Westerners who wished to visit the East also faced restrictions. Opening: Answer questions 442 & 446 on page 171 in your blue GA CRCT Test Prep textbook

57. Unit 4 Bell Ringer 34 What is communism & what is democracy? Communism is an economic & political system in which property is owned by the government & labor is organized in a way that is supposed to benefit all people. Democracy is a government run by the people, in which citizens make their laws. Opening: Answer questions 447-449 on page 172 in your blue CRCT GA Test Prep textbook

58. Unit 4 Bell Ringer 35 Who was Vladimir Lenin & Joseph Stalin? Lenin was a Communist leader who helped overthrow the czar & ruled the Soviet Union from 1917 until his death in 1924. Stalin took power after the death of Vladimir Lenin. Stalin ruled the Soviet Union during World War II. Stalin ruled the Soviet Union from 1924 to 1953. Stalin turned the Soviet Union into a totalitarian nation. Opening: List as many European countries as you can.

59. Unit 4 Bell Ringer 36 Who was Franklin Roosevelt? Who was Anne Frank? Franklin Roosevelt was president of the United States of America from 1933 to 1945. He led the U.S.A. during World War II. Anne Frank was a young Jewish girl killed in a Nazi concentration camp. Her dairy shows her courage during World War II. Opening: Read page 337 in your World Cultures & Geography about Anne Frank, the write a paragraph about Anne Frank

60. Unit 4 Bell Ringer 37 1) Who were the Central Powers during World War I? 2) Who were the Allies during World War I? 3) Who were the Axis Powers during World War II? 4) Who were the Allies during World War II? 5) Who were the two alliances during the Cold War? 1) Central Powers during World War I were Austria-Hungary, Germany, Turkey, (Ottoman Empire), & Bulgaria 2) The Allies during World War I were Russia(dropped out in 1917), France, United Kingdom, Italy(joined 1915), USA(joined 1917) 3) The Axis Powers during World War II were Germany, Italy, Japan 4) The Allies during World War II were United Kingdom, France(until 1940), Soviet Union (formerly”Russia”), & the USA(joined in 1941) 5) NATO formed in 1949 for Democracy & Free Market lead by USA & Warsaw Pact on east Europe formed in 1955 for Communism & Command Economy lead by USSR Opening: Write a paragraph explaining what can be learned from studying World War I & World War II & Cold War?

61. Unit 4 Bell Ringer 38 What is the EU & what is the importance of the EU? The EU stands for the European Union and this EU is an economic & political grouping of countries in Western Europe. The EU unites 27 European countries in an economic & increasingly political union. It improves trade & reduces the possibility of conflicts among other member nations. Opening: Answer questions 368-374 on pages 142-145 in your blue CRCT GA Test Prep textbook