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Do Now - Day 1  Turn in your homework  You have 10 minutes to QUIETLY complete the Do Now handout entitled “Thumb Joint Activity” with a partner.  Turn.

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Presentation on theme: "Do Now - Day 1  Turn in your homework  You have 10 minutes to QUIETLY complete the Do Now handout entitled “Thumb Joint Activity” with a partner.  Turn."— Presentation transcript:

1 Do Now - Day 1  Turn in your homework  You have 10 minutes to QUIETLY complete the Do Now handout entitled “Thumb Joint Activity” with a partner.  Turn in your homework  You have 10 minutes to QUIETLY complete the Do Now handout entitled “Thumb Joint Activity” with a partner.

2 Types of Joints Anatomy & Physiology Ms. Goldstein

3 I. Introduction to Joints  A joint is the place where two bones meet, or articulate.  Joints are classified into three groups based on their degree of movement.  The three types of joints are fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial.  A joint is the place where two bones meet, or articulate.  Joints are classified into three groups based on their degree of movement.  The three types of joints are fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial.

4 II. 3 types of Joints A.Synovial Joints  These are moveable joints that fit into six different categories:  Plane, saddle, hinge, pivot, ball-and-socket, & ellipsoidal  They are are made up of articular cartilage, a bursa and a synovial cavity.  They are also known as diarthroses A.Synovial Joints  These are moveable joints that fit into six different categories:  Plane, saddle, hinge, pivot, ball-and-socket, & ellipsoidal  They are are made up of articular cartilage, a bursa and a synovial cavity.  They are also known as diarthroses

5 B. Cartilaginous Joints Partially moveable joints with cartilage between their articular surfaces. An example of this would be the attachment of the ribs to the spine or the intervertebral disks

6 C. Fibrous Joints  Immovable joints connected by tough, fibrous tissue.  Found in the adult cranium where the bones have fused together to a joint which forms a heavy protective cover for the brain.  These joints are often called sutures and/or synathroses.  Immovable joints connected by tough, fibrous tissue.  Found in the adult cranium where the bones have fused together to a joint which forms a heavy protective cover for the brain.  These joints are often called sutures and/or synathroses.

7 Do Now - Day Two  Turn in your homework  On your table you will find an envelope  Using the chart you picked up on the way in, organize what you find inside the envelope into the necessary categories  First team to finish gets a prize!  Turn in your homework  On your table you will find an envelope  Using the chart you picked up on the way in, organize what you find inside the envelope into the necessary categories  First team to finish gets a prize!

8 A. Synovial Joints -When two moveable bones meet at a joint their surfaces do not touch each other. -The two ends of the bones are covered with a smooth, slippery cap of cartilage known as articular cartilage. This cartilage helps absorb shocks and prevent friction between bones. -When two moveable bones meet at a joint their surfaces do not touch each other. -The two ends of the bones are covered with a smooth, slippery cap of cartilage known as articular cartilage. This cartilage helps absorb shocks and prevent friction between bones.

9 Diseases of the Joints Osteoarthritis -degenerative joint disease that occurs with aging. -the articular cartilage breaks down which causes the bones to hit together and causes bone spurs -symptoms include swelling and pain Osteoarthritis -degenerative joint disease that occurs with aging. -the articular cartilage breaks down which causes the bones to hit together and causes bone spurs -symptoms include swelling and pain

10 A. Synovial Joints -The synovial cavity is the area between the joints and contains a membrane called the synovial membrane which secretes synovial fluid. -Synovial fluid is a lubricant which allows the joints to move more smoothly by reducing friction. -The synovial cavity is the area between the joints and contains a membrane called the synovial membrane which secretes synovial fluid. -Synovial fluid is a lubricant which allows the joints to move more smoothly by reducing friction.

11 A. Synovial Joints  Bursae are fluid-filled sacs outside of the joint which keep bones and tendons from rubbing against each other.

12 A. Synovial Joints  These types of joints are often held together by ligaments. A ligament is a tough band of connective tissue which attaches one bone to another.

13 Diseases of the Joints Rheumatoid arthritis  The immune system attacks the connective tissue leading to swelling and pain. Also leads to deformation and degeneration of the joints causing them to be immovable. Rheumatoid arthritis  The immune system attacks the connective tissue leading to swelling and pain. Also leads to deformation and degeneration of the joints causing them to be immovable.

14 A. Synovial Joints  There are six types of diarthroses or moveable joints: 1. Ball and socket-  Allow the greatest freedom of movement.  Our shoulders and hips have ball-and-socket joints.  There are six types of diarthroses or moveable joints: 1. Ball and socket-  Allow the greatest freedom of movement.  Our shoulders and hips have ball-and-socket joints.

15 2. Hinge joints  move in one direction (up and down, side to side).  Our knees, elbows and outer joints of the fingers have hinge joints. 2. Hinge joints  move in one direction (up and down, side to side).  Our knees, elbows and outer joints of the fingers have hinge joints.

16 3.Pivot joints  Allow rotation of certain joints  Examples include the radius and ulna in the arm and between the neck vertebrae which allows the head to rotate. 3.Pivot joints  Allow rotation of certain joints  Examples include the radius and ulna in the arm and between the neck vertebrae which allows the head to rotate. Herniated Disc Normal Vertebral Column

17 OSTEOPOROSIS -Bone mass decreases causing thinner bones that are more likely to fracture or break. -Results in crushing of vertebrae causing a person to get shorter. -Can be slowed down by getting enough calcium, cutting down on soda intake and exercising. -Bone mass decreases causing thinner bones that are more likely to fracture or break. -Results in crushing of vertebrae causing a person to get shorter. -Can be slowed down by getting enough calcium, cutting down on soda intake and exercising.

18 4.Plane joint-  Made up of flat surfaces which slide across each other  Examples include the vertebrae in the spine, wrist and ankle joints. 4.Plane joint-  Made up of flat surfaces which slide across each other  Examples include the vertebrae in the spine, wrist and ankle joints.

19 5. Saddle Joint  Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and circumduction are allowed; but no axial rotation.  Saddle joints are said to be biaxial, allowing movement in the sagittal and frontal planes.  Examples are the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb where the trapezium bone of the wrist joins the thumb. 5. Saddle Joint  Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and circumduction are allowed; but no axial rotation.  Saddle joints are said to be biaxial, allowing movement in the sagittal and frontal planes.  Examples are the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb where the trapezium bone of the wrist joins the thumb.


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