1. Chapter 45

2.  Hormones = molecules synthesized and secreted into body fluids  Endocrine gland – ductless, secretes hormones into blood stream  Exocrine gland – secretes chemicals into ducts  What are the 2 communicatory and regulatory systems found in animals?  Nervous system Nervous system  Endocrine system Endocrine system  Feedback is common to both systems

3.  Interleukins and histamines of immune system  Nitric oxide  Growth factors  Prostaglandins: ◦ Intensify pain ◦ Induce labor ◦ Aspirin reduces effect of prostaglandins

4.  Steroid hormones, fat soluble Steroid hormones, fat soluble  Peptide hormones Peptide hormones

6.  Hypothalamus – 2 sets of hormones Hypothalamus – 2 sets of hormones  Tropic hormones – hormones that target other endocrine glands  Which pituitary hormones are tropic?  TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH

7.  2 thyroid hormones both contain iodine 2 thyroid hormones both contain iodine  Feedback in the thyroid gland regulates levels of T3 and T4 Feedback in the thyroid gland regulates levels of T3 and T4  Hyperthyroidism causes high body temps, sweating and high blood pressure  Hypothyroidism causes cretinism and weight gain  Goiter is an enlarged thyroid caused by iodine deficient diet  Calcium homeostasis includes parathyroid Calcium homeostasis includes parathyroid

8.  Is the pancreas an endocrine or exocrine gland?  Exocrine gland that produces digestive enzymes  Endocrine gland that includes islets of Langerhans Alpha cells secrete glucagon Beta cells secrete insulin  Opposing hormones that regulate blood glucose levels Opposing hormones that regulate blood glucose levels

9.  What is the difference between type I and type II diabetes?  Type I = juvenile diabetes, autoimmune disorder, can no longer make insulin  Type II = late onset due to reduced responsiveness of receptor cells

10.  What are the 2 glands associated with the adrenal glands?  Adrenal cortex  Adrenal medulla  The adrenal glands respond to stress The adrenal glands respond to stress

11.  Which hormones and glands are involved in the following situations?  High blood calcium levels  Contraction of mammary gland cells  Low glucose levels  Drinking alcoholic beverages  Buying salt without iodine  Pop quiz in AP Bio (short term stress)  Sick member of your family (long term stress)  High glucose levels  Low calcium levels

15. What is the role of ADH and Oxytocin?

16. What are the roles of these hormones?