1. Unit 13 The Chemistry of Life

2. Lecture Outline -Chemistry review (atoms) -Components of a living cell (molecular level) -Carbon (what is so special?) -Water (what is so special?) -Cellular reactions -Macromolecule introduction

3. Chemistry Review __________ are neutral particles of an atom __________ are __________ charged particles of the atom; these ______ to other atoms __________ are positively charged particles of the atom

5. Element A substance that cannot be broken down any further Periodic table of elements (Ex: hydrogen) Compound Composed of two or more different elements joined together (Ex: H 2 O) Ionic Bond A bond formed when one or more electrons are lost from one atom to another (Ex: NaCl - ) Covalent Bond Forms when electrons are shared between atoms (Ex:CO 2 ) Chemistry Review

6. Chemistry in the Cell A living cell is composed of a select group of elements, mainly: Carbon Nitrogen Hydrogen Oxygen Phosphorus Sulfur Biomolecules (all living things have these) Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Combine to make up Major Elements

7. Carbon Is the Most Important Element in a Cell- Why? It has: Four bonding electrons Small size So it can: Join in rings Join in chains To make: Large/complex molecules (Bio-Molecules)

8. Flipper Questions

9. A living cell is mainly composed of all the following elements except: a.Potassium b.Phosphorus c.Oxygen d.Hydrogen

10. Which of the following represents a compound? a.H b.O c.C 6 H 12 O 6 d.O 2

11. Organize from smallest to largest: a.Compound  atom  Element  biomolecule b.Element  compound  biomolecule c.Element  atom  compound  biomolecule d.Biomolecule  compound  element

12. Which of the following if NOT true of biomolecules a.All living things have them b.They are larger than most elements c.Lipids are included in this category d.They are smaller than most elements

13. Biomolecules: -Carbohydrates (sugars) -Lipids (fats) -Proteins -Nucleic acids

14. Biomolecule Formation Each goes from monomer to a polymer Separated Sub-Units; Each is a molecule Connected Sub-Units; Make up biomolecules All occurs through water and its amazing surface tension- water can form droplets!

15. Dehydration Synthesis Hydrolysis -Building up the molecule -Breaking apart molecule -Remove water -Add water Biomolecule Formation -H 2 O +H 2 O

16. Biomolecule Formation

17. Importance of Water Breaks down biomolecules Builds up biomolecules Has surface tension

18. Proteins Can be Hormones Enzymes Neurotransmitters Etc.

20. Protein Structure

21. Protein Big Idea Amino acid sequence determines shape Shape determines function

22. Enzymes Speed up chemical reactions without being consumed or using energy Amylase: breaks down sugar Protease: breaks down protein Lipase: breaks down lipids

23. Enzyme Process

24. Factors that Affect Enzymes pH Temperature Amount of substrate Video Conclusion: