2. Trapezius
Origin: medial third of superior nuchal line; EOP; ligamentum nuchae, T1-T12 spinous process
Insertion: spine of scapula; acromion; lateral third of clavicle
Action: elevate and retract pectoral girdle; superioly rotate scapula
Innervation: Accessory Nerve

4. Latissimus Dorsi
Origin: T7-L5 spinous process; thoracolumbar fascia; dorsal sacrum; iliac crest
Insertion: floor of intertubercular groove
Action: extend, adduct, medially rotate humerus
Innervation: thoracodorsal nerve

6. Levator Scapulae
Origin: C1-C2 transverse process; C3-C4 posterior tubercles
Insertion: superior angle of scapula
Action: elevate, protract pectoral girdle; inferiorly rotate scapula
Innervation: C3-C4 ventral rami and dorsal scapular nerve

8. Rhomboid Major Origin: T2-T5 spinous process
Insertion: medial border of scapula
Action: retract, elevate pectoral girdle; inferiorly rotate scapula
Innervation: dorsal scapula nerve

10. Rhomboid Minor Origin: C7-T1 spinous process
Insertion: medial border of scapula; superior to R. Major
Action: retract, elevate pectoral girdle; inferiorly rotate scapula
Innervation: dorsal scapular nerve

12. Serratus Posterior Superior
Origin: C7-T3 spinous process
Insertion: superior border of ribs 2-5
Action: weakly elevate ribs 2-5
Innervation: ventral rami T2-5

14. Serratus Posterior Inferior
Origin: T11-L3 spinous process
Insertion: inferior border of ribs 9-12
Action: weakly depress ribs 9-12
Innervation: ventral rami T9-12

16. Teres Major Origin: posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula
Insertion: medial lip of intertubercular groove
Action: extend: adduct, medially rotate humerus
Innervation: lower subscapular nerve

18. Deltoid Origin: spine of scapula; acromion; lateral third of clavicle
Insertion: deltoid tuberosity
Action:
Ant—flex, medially rotate humerus
Lat—abduct humerus
Post—extend, laterally rotate humerus
Innervation: axillary nerve

20. Supraspinatus Origin: supraspinous fossa Insertion: greater tubercle
Action: abduct humerus
Innervation: suprascapular nerve

22. Infraspinatus Origin: Infraspinous fossa Insertion: greater tubercle
Action: laterally rotate humerus
Innervation: suprascapular nerve

24. Subscapularis Origin: subscapular fossa Insertion: lesser tubercle
Action: medially rotate humerus
Innervation: upper and lower subscapular nerves

26. Teres Minor
Origin: posterior surface, middle lateral border of scapula
Insertion: greater tubercle
Action: laterally rotate humerus
Innervation: axillary nerve

28. Serratus Anterior Origin: ribs 1-8 laterally
Insertion: anterior side of scapula along medial border
Action: protract pectoral girdle; hold scapula to rib cage; superiorly rotate scapula
Innervation: long thoracic nerve

30. Splenius Origin: spinous process of C7 to T6 and supraspinous ligament
Insertion: transverse process of cervical vertebrae and mastoid process
Action:
Bilaterally: extend spine
Unilaterally: flex and ipsilateral rotation of cervical spine

32. Iliocostalis
Origin: common tendon attached to iliac crest, posterior sacrum, spinous process of lumbar vertebrae and supraspinous ligament
Insertion: ribs in thoracic region and transverse process in lumbar and cervical region
Action:
Bilaterally: extend spinal column
Unilaterally: flex spinal column ipsilaterally; minimally rotate spine

34. Longissimus Origin: common tendon with iliocostalis
Insertion: ribs in thoracic region, transverse process in thoracic and cervical regions and onto mastoid process
Action:
Bilaterally: extend spinal column
Unilaterally: flex spinal column ipsilaterally

36. Spinalis
Origin: spinous process and supraspinous ligament in lumbar and thoracic region
Insertion: spinous process in upper thoracic and cervical regions
Action: same as other erector spinae

38. Semispinalis
Origin: transverse process of thoracic and cervical vertebrae
Insertion: spinous process 4-6 segemtns superior to origin and occipital bone between nuchal lines
Action: extend and contralaterally rotate spine

40. Multifidus
Origin: suprrior iliac spine, sacrum, aponeurosis of erector spinae
Insertion: spinous process 2-4 segments superior to origin
Action: stabilize spine during movement

42. Rotatores Origin: transverse process all along spine
Insertion: spinous process 1-2 segments superior to origin
Action: mostly likely proprioceptive

44. Levator Costarum Origin: transverse process of C7-T11
Insertion: ribs inferior to vertebrae
Action: assist in elevating ribs during deep respiration; lateral flexion

46. Interspinales Origin: spinous process
Insertion: superior spinous process
Action: extend and rotate spine

48. Intertransversarii Origin: transverse process
Insertion: superior transverse process
Action: laterally flex and stabilize spine

50. Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor
Origin: posterior tubercle of C1
Insertion: inferior nuchal line
Action: extend and rotate atlanto-occipital joint

52. Rectus Capitis Posterior Major
Origin: spinous process of C2
Insertion: inferior nuchal line
Action: extend and rotate atlanto-occipital joint

54. Obliquus Capitis Superior
Origin: transverse process of C1
Insertion: between nuchal lines
Action: extend head and flex head to ipsilateral side

56. Obliquus Capitis Inferior
Origin: posterior tubercle of C2
Insertion: transverse process of C1
Action: extend head and flex head to ipsilateral side

58. Pectoralis Major
Origin: medial third of clavicle; sternum and costal cartilage
Insertion: lateral lip of intertubercular groove
Action: adduct, medially rotate, flex humerus; depress/protract shoulder
Innervation: medial and lateral pectoral nerves

60. Pectoralis Minor Origin: ribs 3,4,5 near costochondral junction
Insertion: coracoid process
Action: deepresss and protract pectoral girdle; inferiorly rotate scapula
Insertion: medial pectoral nerve

62. Subclavius Origin: 1st costal cartilage
Insertion: inferior side of clavicle
Action: depress clavicle; resist lateral dislocation of clavicle
Innervation: subclavius

64. Sternocleidomastoid Origin: sternum and medial third of clavicle
Insertion: mastoid process
Action: rotate head to opposite side; elevate chin
Innervation: accessory nerve

66. Anterior Scalene Origin: transverse process of C4-C6
Insertion: scalene tubercle of rib 1
Action: elevate rib 1; laterally flex and rotate neck
Innervation: C40C6 ventral rami

68. Middle Scalene Origin: transverse process C2-C7
Insertion: superior rib 1
Action: elevate rib 1; laterally flex neck
Innervation: C3-C8 ventral rami

70. Posterior Scalene Origin: transverse process C5-C7
Insertion: superior rib 2
Action: elevate rib 2; laterally flex neck
Innervation: C7-C8 ventral rami

72. Omohyoid Origin: intermediate tendon held to clavicle
Insertion: inferior border of hyoid
Action: depress, retract, and steady hyoid
Innervation: Ansa cervicalis

73. Triangle of Auscultation2 3 1

74. 1. Superior Latissimus Dorsi
2. Medial Border of Scapula
3. Lateral Trapezius

75. Quadrangular Space 3 1 2 4

76. Quadrangular Space
Contains: posterior circumflex humeral artery and axillary nerve
Teres minor
Teres major
Surgical neck of humerus
Long head of tricep

77. Triangular Space 1 3 2

78. Triangular Space Contains circumflex scapular artery Teres minor
Teres major
Long head of tricep

79. 1 2 3

80. Posterior Triangle of Neck
Contains cervical plexus C1-C4
Trapezius
Sternocleidomastoid
Middle third of clavicle
Roof: investing fascia
Floor: prevertebral fascia