1. 17.01.05Commissioning Strategy - Chamonix 20051 LHC Commissioning with Beam Overall Strategy Mike Lamont AB-OP 17 th January 2005 Chamonix XIV B.D.S.

2. 17.01.05Commissioning Strategy - Chamonix 20052 1989 – LEP commissioning 14th July: First beam14th July: First beam 23rd July: Circulating beam23rd July: Circulating beam 4th August: 45 GeV4th August: 45 GeV 13th August:Colliding beams13th August:Colliding beams

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4. 17.01.05Commissioning Strategy - Chamonix 20054 Motivation - TI8 Beam down – first shot.Beam down – first shot. Full set of measurementsFull set of measurements optics, aperture etc. What does this tell us? Lionel Mestre Yu-Chiu Chao

5. 17.01.05Commissioning Strategy - Chamonix 20055 TI8 INSTALLATIONINSTALLATION HARDWARE COMMISSIONINGHARDWARE COMMISSIONING Survey Technical services Vacuum Equipment MACHINE CHECKOUTMACHINE CHECKOUT Preparation of incoming beam Controls Beam Optics/Energy Instrumentation Settings Interlocks & Machine protection Access Radiation monitoring Tells us that quite a few things were done right Volker Mertens and team

6. 17.01.05Commissioning Strategy - Chamonix 20056 TI8 OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES PREPARATIONPREPARATION PLANNINGPLANNING STAGINGSTAGING BEAM: extraction tests 2003 PRACTICEPRACTICE Dry runs BEAM: CNGS extraction 2004 Important for debugging Important as milestones

7. 17.01.05Commissioning Strategy - Chamonix 20057 LHC Beam Commissioning OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES PREPARATIONPREPARATION PLANNINGPLANNING KEEP IT SIMPLEKEEP IT SIMPLE PHASE ITPHASE IT KEEP IT SAFEKEEP IT SAFE

8. 17.01.05Commissioning Strategy - Chamonix 20058 Objectives Establish colliding beams as quickly as possibleEstablish colliding beams as quickly as possible SafelySafely Without compromising further progressWithout compromising further progress Commissioning the LHC with beam - Stage One Take two moderate intensity multi-bunch beams to high energy and collide them.

9. 17.01.05Commissioning Strategy - Chamonix 20059 More Specifically No parasitic encountersNo parasitic encounters No crossing angle No long range beam Larger aperture InstrumentationInstrumentation Good beam for RF, Vacuum…Good beam for RF, Vacuum… Lower energy densitiesLower energy densities Reduced demands on beam dump system Collimation Machine protection LuminosityLuminosity 10 30 cm -2 s -1 at 18 m 2 x 10 31 cm -2 s -1 at 1 m 43 on 43 with 3 to 4 x 10 10 ppb to 7 TeV

10. 17.01.05Commissioning Strategy - Chamonix 200510 and in the process CommissionCommission the Equipment the Instrumentation the Machine protection system to the levels required. Looking for an efficient commissioning path to get us to the above objectives Stage two definition to follow

11. 17.01.05Commissioning Strategy - Chamonix 200511 Clear aim to commission/fix/test everything that can be: before beam. Preparation

12. 17.01.05Commissioning Strategy - Chamonix 200512 EXIT HWC LHC - 2007 ? EXIT CHECKOUT EXIT TI8/TI2

13. 17.01.05Commissioning Strategy - Chamonix 200513 Exit HWC - 1 Implicitly:Implicitly: Beam Vacuum [warm & cold] Cooling and Ventilation Cryogenics Plant Cryostat Instrumentation Electrical Network Insulation Vacuum Powering Interlock QRL Instrumentation QRL Vacuum Radiation Monitors Software Interlock System Access Survey/Alignment Given installation, technical infrastructure etc. etc. Monitoring, logging, display, PM, Diagnostics Control applications Coupling between systems Recovery procedures from CCR clearly defined etc. etc. MOVE FROM HWC MODE TO OPERATION MODE

14. 17.01.05Commissioning Strategy - Chamonix 200514 Exit HWC - II All magnet circuits [warm & cold]All magnet circuits [warm & cold] Power convertersPower converters Kickers, SeptaKickers, Septa Collimators, AbsorbersCollimators, Absorbers Beam dumpsBeam dumps RFRF Power systems, low level, cavities, TFB InstrumentationInstrumentation Machine protectionMachine protection QPS, Energy Extraction, Power Interlock Controllers ControlsControls

15. 17.01.05Commissioning Strategy - Chamonix 200515 Machine checkout By OperationsBy Operations With support of equipment specialists, HWC team etc.With support of equipment specialists, HWC team etc. From the PCRFrom the PCR Drive all relevant systems in a synchronized way through the complete operational sequence This where operations get serious

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17. 17.01.05Commissioning Strategy - Chamonix 200517 Exit machine checkout - 1 RFRF Pre-pulses, low level control [cavity control, synchro, beam control, longitudinal damper], transverse damper, power systems. Diagnostics. Synchronisation with injectors Power convertersPower converters tracking control, ramping, squeezing, real-time Kickers, septa,Kickers, septa, Collimators, absorbersCollimators, absorbers Dump:Dump: timing, post-mortem, inject and dump Beam InstrumentationBeam Instrumentation pre-commission, timing, acquisition tests, interface to control system

18. 17.01.05Commissioning Strategy - Chamonix 200518 Exit Machine Checkout - 2 Interlocks & Machine ProtectionInterlocks & Machine Protection Equipment interfaces, links, logic, controls, PIC, WIC, BIC, Safe Beam Flags Software interlocks QPS, Energy extraction displays, diagnostics, post-mortem, recovery Energy meter

19. 17.01.05Commissioning Strategy - Chamonix 200519 Exit Machine Checkout - 3 Controls:Controls: Slow timing, fast timing, synchronisation Alarms, logging, post mortem, fixed displays Equipment control & access Analogue acquisition Software: measurements, trajectory acquisition and correction, ramping etc. etc. Controls infrastructure: servers, databases etc. Sequencer, injection management Procedures for sliding bumps etc. etc.

20. 17.01.05Commissioning Strategy - Chamonix 200520 Exit Machine Checkout - 4 Settings etc.Settings etc. calibrations, optics, transfer functions, ramp, squeeze… Radiation monitoringRadiation monitoring Access systemAccess system INB, EIS Operation ExperimentsExperiments Data interchange Beam aborts

21. 17.01.05Commissioning Strategy - Chamonix 200521 Exit injectors and transfer lines SPS LHC cycleSPS LHC cycle All requisite beams available Beam quality Delivered when required TI8 & TI2TI8 & TI2 Fully qualified LHC pilot beams to final TED

22. 17.01.05Commissioning Strategy - Chamonix 200522 Pre-beam: Magnets Errors: all circuits, full cycleErrors: all circuits, full cycle geometric, beam screen, saturation eddy, RMS/Persistent currents static model powering history dependent model on-line reference magnets Cycle path – all magnetsCycle path – all magnets Transfer functionsTransfer functions for all magnet circuits hysteresis behaviour for corrector circuits where appropriate Strategy for:Strategy for: excitation of nested correctors cycling nested pc/magnets MCS b1pM_MBRS := 0.0000; b1gM_MBRS := 0.0000; b2pM_MBRS := -0.1088; b2gM_MBRS := 0.1904; b3pM_MBRS := -4.1431; b3gM_MBRS := -2.1825;

23. 17.01.05Commissioning Strategy - Chamonix 200523 Planning: with beam 1Injection 2 First turn 3 Circulating beam 4 450 GeV: initial commissioning 5 450 GeV: detailed measurements 6 450 GeV: 2 beams 7 Nominal cycle 8 Snapback – single beam 9 Ramp – single beam 10 Single beam to physics energy 11 Two beams to physics energy 12Physics 13 Commission squeeze 14 Physics partially squeezed

24. 17.01.05Commissioning Strategy - Chamonix 200524 Beam Pilot Beam:Pilot Beam: Single bunch, 5 to 10 x 10 9 protons Possibly reduced emittance Intermediate single:Intermediate single: 3 to 4 x 10 10 ppb 4 bunches etc. pushing towards…4 bunches etc. pushing towards… 43 bunches43 bunches 3 to 4 x 10 10 ppb Will stepping up & down in intensity/number of bunches through the phases

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28. 17.01.05Commissioning Strategy - Chamonix 200528 At each phase: Equipment commissioning with beamEquipment commissioning with beam Instrumentation commissioningInstrumentation commissioning Checks with beamChecks with beam BPM Polarity, corrector polarity, BPM response Machine protectionMachine protection Beam measurementsBeam measurements beam parameter adjustment, energy, linear optics checks, aperture etc. etc.

29. 17.01.05Commissioning Strategy - Chamonix 200529 Instrumentation – the essentials First turn i.e. immediatelyFirst turn i.e. immediately Screens, BPMs, fast BCT, BLMs Circulating beams at 450 GeVCirculating beams at 450 GeV BPMs, DC BCT & lifetime, BLMs Transverse diagnostics Emittance: wire scanners.. Snapback and RampSnapback and Ramp Chromaticity, PLL Orbit BLMs to BIC etc. Essential. See Hermann & Barbara’s talks

30. 17.01.05Commissioning Strategy - Chamonix 200530 Machine protection Need a well defined plan for the commissioning and integration of the Machine Protection System

31. 17.01.05Commissioning Strategy - Chamonix 200531 Misc - How long? PhaseR1/2 Time [days] Total 1Injection212 2 First turn 236 3 Circulating beam 236 4 450 GeV: initial commissioning 248 5 450 GeV: detailed measurements 248 6 450 GeV: 2 beams 122 7 Nominal cycle 155 8 Snapback – single beam 236 9 Ramp – single beam 248 10 Single beam to physics energy 224 11 Two beams to physics energy 133 12 Establish Physics 122 13 Commission squeeze 244 14 Physics partially squeezed TOTAL 60

32. 17.01.05Commissioning Strategy - Chamonix 200532 Sector Test Rigorous check of ongoing installation and hardware commissioningRigorous check of ongoing installation and hardware commissioning Pre-commission essential acquisition and correction procedures.Pre-commission essential acquisition and correction procedures. Commission injection system: Commission Beam Loss Monitor system Commission trajectory acquisition and correction. Linear optics checks: Mechanical aperture checks. Field quality checks. Test the controls and correction procedures Hardware exposure to beam will allow first reality checks of assumptions of quench limits etc.Hardware exposure to beam will allow first reality checks of assumptions of quench limits etc.

33. 17.01.05Commissioning Strategy - Chamonix 200533 Parallelism? System tests with HWC ongoingSystem tests with HWC ongoing Machine protection Controls RF/Injection/Collimators etc. Machine checkout with HWC ongoingMachine checkout with HWC ongoing Sign over completed sectors to OP TI2 commissioning – LHC with beam 2TI2 commissioning – LHC with beam 2 HWC – partial LHC with beam 2HWC – partial LHC with beam 2 Implications: dump, radiation protection, access, resources, support etc. LHC - partial beam 1 with beam 2LHC - partial beam 1 with beam 2 Options need examining

34. 17.01.05Commissioning Strategy - Chamonix 200534 CONCLUSIONS OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES Stage 1 PLANNINGPLANNING Before beam Stage 1 PREPARATIONPREPARATION