2. Moscow: The capital of Russia

3. The historical overview The history of Moscow dates back to 1147 and since then the city has always had a leading place in the life of the whole country. The city was founded by prince Yuri Dolgoruky. 1147 is considered to be the official date of the foundation of Moscow. In 1156 Moscow was surrounded with a high wall of oak logs and became fortress on the bank of the Moskva River. In the 13 th century the city was totally destroyed because of the Tatar invasion. In 1367 Prince Dmitry Donskoy built a new wall of white stone around the Kremlin which was the centre of the town. The importance of Moscow grew enormously and by the 15 th century the city extended its rule over most of central and northern Russia. In 1156 Moscow was surrounded with a high wall of oak logs and became fortress on the bank of the Moskva River. In the 13 th century the city was totally destroyed because of the Tatar invasion. In 1367 Prince Dmitry Donskoy built a new wall of white stone around the Kremlin which was the centre of the town. The importance of Moscow grew enormously and by the 15 th century the city extended its rule over most of central and northern Russia.

4. In the reign of Czar Ivan III old stone wall around the Kremlin was replaced with a new one of red brick which has remained up to now. Ivan the Terrible made Moscow the capital of the State of Muscovy in the 16 th century. In the reign of Czar Ivan III old stone wall around the Kremlin was replaced with a new one of red brick which has remained up to now. Ivan the Terrible made Moscow the capital of the State of Muscovy in the 16 th century. The transfer of the capital to St. Petersburg in 1712 by Peter the Great was a period of decline in the history of Moscow. The transfer of the capital to St. Petersburg in 1712 by Peter the Great was a period of decline in the history of Moscow. In March 1918, soon after the Great October Socialist Revolution Moscow was reestablished as the official capital of the country. In March 1918, soon after the Great October Socialist Revolution Moscow was reestablished as the official capital of the country. Now Moscow is the seat of the governmental bodies of the Russian Federation. Chemical, metallurgical, metal processing, light industries and engineering are its leading industries. Its textile, clothing and footwear, electronic instruments and automation equipment are highly developed and known everywhere. Now Moscow is the seat of the governmental bodies of the Russian Federation. Chemical, metallurgical, metal processing, light industries and engineering are its leading industries. Its textile, clothing and footwear, electronic instruments and automation equipment are highly developed and known everywhere.

5. Moscow itself Moscow is the centre of science and education. It is the seat of the Academy of Sciences. There are many higher educational establishments. The oldest and the best known are the Lomonosov state University, the Bauman Higher Technical School, the Timiryazev Agricultural Academy and others. Moscow is more and more frequently being chosen as the place for major international conferences, congresses and meetings. It is a sign of world recognition of the role of Russian science. Moscow is more and more frequently being chosen as the place for major international conferences, congresses and meetings. It is a sign of world recognition of the role of Russian science.

6. Moscow is the leading culture centre of Russia. The city is well-known all over the world by its Bolshoy and Maly Theatre which perform not only classical but modern and foreign plays, by its unique State Tretyakov Gallery and Pushkin Museum and many others.

7. Moscow’s metro is the most beautiful and cleanest in the world. It’s architectural design is impressive. Moscow’s metro is the most beautiful and cleanest in the world. It’s architectural design is impressive. Moscow is also a sport centre. There are many sport-grounds, stadiums and swimming pools. Different kinds of national and world championships are held there including ice hockey and figure skating. Moscow is also a sport centre. There are many sport-grounds, stadiums and swimming pools. Different kinds of national and world championships are held there including ice hockey and figure skating.

8. M oscow has changed greatly during last years. It has been beautified with many trees, new squares and parks. Moscow attracts tourists from all the world. The pulse of the city is quick but steady and strong.