1. SOCIAL SCIENCE 3

3. Context:  Ivan III of Moscow Ruled Russia 1462-1505 Conquered much of the territory around Moscow Liberated Russia from the Mongols Centralized the Russian government Laid in the foundations of absolutism in Russia

4. Context:  Vasily – succeeded his father, Ivan III. Added territories for Russia Increased power of the central government Would be succeeded by his son, Ivan IV.

5. Ivan IV  AKA Ivan the Terrible  He came to the throne when he was 3 yrs old  Young life: so many disruptions Power struggle with the Russian landowning nobles, the boyars The boyars fought to control Ivan.

6. Ivan IV  At 16 yrs old, he seized power and crowned himself “czar”  He was the first Russian ruler to use it officially.  He married Anastasia from the old boyar family called the Romanovs

7. Ivan IV  1547-1560 Good period Won great victories More lands for Russia Ruled justly Gave Russia a code of laws BUT AFTER 1560….

9. Ivan IV  After 1560 Ivan’s “bad period” Upon the death of Anastasia, Ivan accused boyars of poisoning her Ivan turned against the boyars He had a secret police force (in black and rode on a black horse) and hunted down boyars whom Ivan considered as traitors ○ OPRICHNINA Boyars’ execution along with their family and peasants

10. Ivan IV  An act both considered a personal tragedy and a national disaster: Killed his oldest son and heir A weak son then was left to rule ○ He had no heir ○ Physically and mentally incapable to rule ○ The start of the Time of Troubles "I die as a devoted son and most humble servant"

11. Rise of the Romanov Dynasty  Michael Romanov Grandnephew of Anastasia Started the Romanov dynasty in Russia which lasted for 300 years ROMANOV Rulers ○ Restored order in Russia ○ Strengthened government ○ Put down revolts ○ Paved way for the absolute reign of Peter the Great

12. Peter the Great  One of Russia’s greatest reformers  Increased the “czar’s power”

13. How was Russia compared with other European nations then?  A land of boyars and serfs Serfdom continued in Russia until mid 1800s  Boyars knew little of Western Europe Looked to Constantinople for leadership, not Rome Mongol rule cut off Russia from the Renaissance and Age of Exploration Geographic barriers isolated Russia  Adopted Eastern Orthodox branch of Christianity Western Europe: Catholics, Protestants

14. Peter Visits the West  The very tall Peter Fascinated by the modern tools and machines in the foreigners’ shops. He had a passion for shops and the sea Believed that Russia’s future depended on warm-water port When he was 24, he became the sole ruler of Russia.

15. Peter Visits the West  “Grand Embassy” Long visit to western Europe Goal: Learn about other European customs and industrial techniques While on his journey, he kept his identity a secret

16. In Netherlands  Labored as a ship’s carpenter for four months

17. Absolutism of Peter  Peter thought : Russia would compete with Europe on both military and commercial terms  Westernize Russia = a way to make Russia even stronger

18. Random Questions: Should we adapt to the “western” culture to make our country, the Philippines “much better”? Is westernization important in the Philippines?

19. Peter’s Reforms  Many people criticized his reform plans  “For you know yourself that, though a thing be good and necessary, our people will not do it unless forced to.”  Peter then increased his powers as an absolute ruler

20. Peter’s Reforms 1. He brought the Russian Orthodox church under state control. * Holy Synod 2. Reduced the power of the great landowners. * Recruiting able men from lower ranking class 1. Modernized his army. Hiring European officers Imposing heavy taxes

21. Peter’s Reforms  Introduced Potato  Russia’s first newspaper, he edited the first issue himself  Raised women’s status and had them attend social gatherings  Western fashion  Advanced learning!

22. St. Petersburg, a new capital

23.  Because Peter wanted a seaport for easy access to West, he fought Sweden for a piece of the Baltic Coast.

24. St. Petersburg  A city built on a desolate swamp Luckless serfs worked at St. Petersburg \ 25,000-100,000 died from terrible working conditions and widespread diseases. Russian nobles were ordered to settle in Peter’s new capital.

25. Peter the Great  Successful Reforms (Culture and Government)  Power in Europe

26. ASSIGNMENT:  Read ENGLISH CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY and answer: Describe the causes, participants, and outcome of the English Civil War through a “Comic Strip” List at least 3 ways that Parliament tried to limit the power of the English monarchy.  Answers to be written on 1 Yellow Pad paper

27. ASSIGNMENT:  Be prepared for GRADED RECITATION ON: ○ The Scientific Revolution Its birth Revolutionary Model of the Universe Conflicts with the Church The Scientific Method Law of Gravity Spread of Scientific Revolution

28. ASSIGNMENT:  Be prepared for GRADED RECITATION ON: ○ The Englightenment Views on the Government Philosophes Women and the Enlightenment Its impact Spread of the englightenment