1. Geomorphology within the Canterbury Coastline

2. Faulting Folding Volcanism Glaciation Rivers Coastal Formation of the Canterbury Plains

4. Key: Geology SchistGreywacke Sandstone Limestone BasaltAlluvium/ Outwash gravels Key: Processes Glaciers Rivers

5. Earth Building Processes What processes are responsible for Earth Building? - Faulting - Folding - Volcanism

6. FAULTING -Faulting is the __________ of parts of the earths surface along ______ ______. -Faulting can cause land to shift ________, __________ and __________. -A NZ example of faulting is the _______ ______, faulting here created the _________ _____. movement Fault Lines upwards downwards side ways Alpine Fault Southern Alps

7. Types of Faulting 1. NORMAL FAULTING:

8. 1929 Murchison Earthquake Maruia Falls

9. Types of Faulting 2. LATERAL OR TEAR FAULT:

10. Types of Faulting 3. DOWN-DROPPED AND UPLIFT FAULTS:

11. FOLDING -Folding is the process when soft rock is pushed by _____ rock that is moved by pressures from deep within the earth. -Folding causes the land to have a ripple effect, this forms _____ and ______. -A NZ example of this is the foot hills of the Southern Alps hard hillsvalleys

12. FOLDING Hard Rocks Soft Sedimentary Rocks Pressure caused by Tectonic processes

13. VOLCANISM -Volcanism is the process when the earths super heated liquid interior breaks through weak points in the _____. -Volcanic mountains are formed by the build up of many layers of _____ or ____ ejected over many years. -A NZ example of this is _____ _________ crust lava Banks Peninsula ash

14. How Volcanoes are formed PLATE The Plate Melts Weak spot in the crust Hot magma forced out

15. Earth Building Processes in the South Island KEY: - Alpine Fault - Southern Alps (Faulting) - Foothills (Folding) - Banks Peninsula (Volcanism) - Line A - B A B

16. Cross Section of the South Island PACIFIC INDO - AUSTRALIAN Subduction Zone Faulting Folding Volcanism

17. The map and 3D cross section shows us: 1.All 3 earth building processes are occuring in the South Island. 2.The ___ - ________ plate is sinking beneath the ______ plate. 3.This is called ________, this process creates the Volcanic landform of ______ _________. 4.The _________ _____ have been formed by the _______ along the _______ faultline. 5.The _________ foothills have been formed by _________.

18. Earth Shaping Processes What processes are responsible for Earth Shaping? - Glaciers - Ice - Rivers - Water - Wind All of these processes are erosive

19. The Process of Erosion 1.Erosion (Weathering) – the breaking off and wearing away of the land by chemical processes through rain, by the activity of ice and frost shattering, and by landslips caused by heavy rain. 2.Transportation – of material, usually down slope 3.Deposition – of material to form a new landform, eg a flood plain is formed near a river where alluvium (silt, mud, rock and stones deposited by rivers) is deposited. EROSION (Pick up) TRANSPORTATION (Carry) DEPOSITION (Drop off)

20. The Formation of a Glacier KEY: Direction of Movement Snow turned to ice Ice Moraine 1 2 3

21. Stages of the Diagram 1.Snow falls and builds up in the Neve. Downward pressure turns the snow to ice. 2.The massive weight of the ice begins to erode the underlying rock. Frost shattering and ice plucking occur. 3.The Glacier continues to move down the valley due to gravity. It is constantly eroding.

22. How have Rivers shaped the Canterbury Plains? The Formation of a River A rivers source is the place at which it begins to flow, in our case this is where the water is collected in a catchment area. The catchment area is a large area where the high rainfall is collected and with the help of melting glaciers rivers are formed. A river does three types of work, -it _______, -it _________ and -it ________. Over time these processes form three very different landforms. Erodes Transports Deposits

23. The Three Stages of a River EROSION – Steep slope, narrow base TRANSPORTATION – Moderate slope, broader base DEPOSITION – Gentle slope, wide base River Characteristics

24. Landforms that have been created by Rivers Alluvial Fan An Alluvial fan has a centre point at the exit from a valley and creates a landform resembling a Japanese fan. As the central point remains fixed the river moves back and forth like a pendulum.

25. Alluvial Fan This has been formed by a stream or river exiting a valley and depositing its load in a fan shape. Alluvial fans can vary in size from a few metres to many kilometres.

26. Alluvial Fan

28. Key: Geology SchistGreywacke Sandstone Limestone BasaltAlluvium/ Outwash gravels Key: Processes Glaciers Rivers

29. THE END

30. River Characteristics River FeatureUpper ZoneMiddle ZoneLower Zone Long Profile Valley Shape River Channel Deposition Erosion Main method of Load Transport Load Type H L H H L H L Solution Suspension Saltation Traction SILT SAND GRAVEL STONE ROCK

33. FOLDING

34. Back 21% 17% Hydrology Climatology Pedology Geomorphology Biogeography

35. Geomorphological Processes Climatological Processes Biogeographical Processes Hydrological Processes Pedological Processes

36. Geomorphological Processes Hydrological Processes Back

37. Climatological Processes Hydrological Processes Back

38. Biogeographical Processes Pedological Processes Back