1. Hungarian students at the Cracow Jagiellonian University
Zsuzsanna Agnes Berenyi

2. Introduction
A long time before society began granting citizens' rights, apprentices began wandering in search of more knowledge and methods to improve their crafts, and they began earning diplomas from local masters. A similar goal began growing among the students. They also wanted to be informed about the practices and methods used in other lands and to broaden their outlook to include the world. After visiting foreign universities, they were able to go back into their native land with more expertise. Depending on the period, the students would visit some foreign universities. For example, Hungarian students visited mostly German universities. Following the 16th and17th centuries, Hungarian students did not visit the German universities as frequently, but most visited universities of the Habsburg Empire.

3. Introduction
During the 19th century, Vienna’s importance in education enlarged greatly. Eighty-three percent of the Hungarian students visited the universities of Vienna, and the other students visited the smaller universities of the Habsburg Empire: They were the universities and academies of the so-called "eternal" parts of the Habsburg Monarchy and in the Czech, Croatian, and Polish parts. Among those, the most important institutions were in Graz, Prague, Zagreb, Klagenfurt, Linz, Leinbach, Innsbruck, and Olmütz (Olomouc).

4. Introduction
The most preferred, popularized university towns, after Lemberg, were Prague, Olmütz (Olomouc), and Krakow, with 11.4% of the students attending in Krakow. Krakow was the most important center of teaching Roman Catholic theology. The students who studied Roman Catholic theology were mostly Polish, Slovakian, and Croatian, 25% studied philosophy, and only 19% pursued the fields of law, medical science, and pharmacology. Those who studied natural sciences, mathematics, and physics were only a small percent. The profession of Hungarian students was generally tradesman.

5. Introduction
I will examine 22 Hungarian students who attended the Krakow Jagiellonian University at the turn of the 20th century. I shall evaluate each student from four points of view:
Faculties visited
Father’s profession
Religion
Family’s place of residence.

6. JÓZSEF BLAZSÁR He was a Hungarian, born in Debrecen.
Religion: Roman Catholic.
His father Was a military physician. His mother was Eva. He learned at a state gymnasium in Budapest. Later he studied at medical university

7. HERMAN BRUMMER
He was born in town Szered (now Slovakia), Hungary. His nationality was Hungarian. His citizenship was Austrian. He practiced Jewish religion.
His father was Ignác, a tailor in Sered. His tutor ús Victor Brunner of Krakkow, a tailor for men.
Herman did his exams 24. Septembet 1874 at gymnasium of Holy Anne of Krakkow.

8. HERMAN BRUMMER
He continued his studies at faculty of law as a private student during years 1 873/74.
At 3l JulY 1878 finished his studies and got his doctorate of law at ái Juty 1880.
He gave his exam in historical law at 2I July 1876 (he was not talented).
At 8 October 1887 gave his exam in law.
At 29 November 1887 he gave his exam in political science,

9. DR. ADRIEN DIVÉKY
He was born 1887 in Alsókubin (Slovakia,eatlier Hungary) His nationality was Hungarian.
Religion was Roman Catholic.
His father was Julius Podvilk, lived in Podvik (Pcland).
He learned philosophy during the years

10. MICHAL DZUDZIK
He was born at 1858 in town of Lubowli (Slovakia.earlier Hungary). His nationality was Hungarian,citizenship Austrian-Hungarian at Austria. His father lived in Krynicy( Polaná).
He attended the gymnasium of Rozsnyó (Hungary).
He continued his studies in theology 1879/ /83

11. BERTOLD EHRLICH
He was born in 1886 in the town of Tarnov, Galícia. Hungarian nationality and citizen.
Religion: Jewish. From the second part of I907/1908.
His father Leopold was a merchant living in Krakow.
He made the last exam of high school at gymnasium Saint Janka (Krakow)
He continued his studies at the faculty of law, university in Wieden
He finished at 19 October 1919, and he achieved the title doctor 17 July 1908,
17 July 1908 he took the exam in historical law.
2 February 1914 he took exam in law.
26 March I9I2he took exam in political science.

12. ZSIGMOND EHRLICH
He was born in Tarnow, 16 June Nationality was Hungarian, Austrian citizen, religion was Jewish.
His father was a merchant, living in Krakkow.
On 12. September, 1906 he passed final exam in Krakkow, high school gymnasium St. Janka.
1906/ /13 he learned at the medical faculty.
At 24 September he finished.
At 12 June 1914 became doctor of each of medical sciences.
Information: On 25 January he was reprinanted by the decision of the Senate of the Academy got a negative, for illegal competition, which happened in 29 November 1910.

13. IRMA FÜRSTOVA
She was born in Zalaegerszeg, Hungary. Nationality Hungarian, Austrian citizen. Religion was Jewish.
Her father Izidor lived in Krakow and worked as a merchant.
She learned philosophy, later in 1989/982 semester, and in 190I/982 semester trained to be a nurse.

14. KAROL GENERSICH
He was born in Zboro (otherwise Makovica), in Hungary, of Hungarian nationality and Austrian citizenship and Jewish religion.
His father was Naftali, a physician, doctor of each sciences, a doctor of the town Bártfa (Hungary),
He learned during the 2nd semester of l879/80 in Ropczyce, the first semester of 1880/81 in Majdan.
His tutor was Leo Mondlicht.
Carl received a certification from the 4 classes of the high school.
He accomplished his university studies at the faculty of philosophy. Parallel, he also learned pharmacy as a private student.
He finished at 28 October 1881 at the faculty of pharmacy

15. OKULJAR WACLAV
He was born at 24 September 1883 in Varsó in the Polish kingdom. Of Hungarian nationality, he held double Austrian and Hungarian citizenship. the first part of 1910/11 Austrian
and the second part of 19I1/12 Hungarian, Roman Catholic
His father is Jozef, being from the first part of 1908/9 a mediator of lodgings, later from the
second half of 19l2/l3 a clerk in Varsó.
His mother was Balbina Chmielewska.
Okuljar passed the last exam at 8 June, 1908 in high school of Kalisz-
1908/ / 14 he learned at the medical faculty as a private student.
12. March 1917 he became the doctor of each medical sciences.
From the first of May he served in the Austrian-Hungarian army.
From 9 November 1918 he served at the Polish army.

16. LUDOVIKO OPITTZ
He was born in Nyitra (Hungary), of Hungarian nationality and Austrian citizenship. Roman Catholic.
His father was a military officer in pension.
He learned at the university of law during the years He was a private student.
But during 1858/9 he matriculated at the academy of faculty of financial office.

17. FRANCZISZEK PREPELICZAY (SALCZY STEFAN SAMUEL)
He was born in Lwow, Galicia, 10 January 1874, of Hungarian nationality and Austrian citizenship, Roman Catholic faith.
His mother Mária lived in Pest.
At first he attended the private school of the Jesuits at Bakoviach pod Chyrowem.
He graduated 25 September 1895 in Krakkow, in gymnasium of Saint Jacka
1895/ / semester, 1897/ / semester he learned at the faculty of law.
1896/7 first semester he was noted that he did not pay,the tax for announcement at the university.

18. GABRIEL WEISZ
He was born in 1822 Nagy Sziget (Hungary) of Hungarian nationality and Austrian citizenship. Jewish.
He finished university studies in Prague.
1851/ /54 first semester.1854/ /57 studied at the medical faculty. He was a private student,
At 25 July 1857 he got his doctorate from medical sciences.

19. PAUL THEODOR.WESTHER
He was born in Késmárk (Hungary) of Hungarian nationality, Lutheran faith.
His father Paul lived in Késmárk and worked as a dyer.
1853/ /55 he learned at faculty of philosoph1, and was also a private student of pharmacy.
On 26 October 1855 he completed the university pharmaceutical faculty.

20. József WEISZ
He was born in Orawce (Poland) of Hungarian nationality and Austrian citizenship, Roman Catholic faith.
His father died, his tutor was priest Jan Jurczek. who lived in Sledska
He got his matriculation in gymnasium of Tarnov 4 July, 1870.
During I870/ he studied at faculty of philosophy.

21. JÓZSEF WINTER
He was born in Abaószina (Slovakia, earlier Hungary), of Hungarian nationality and Austrian citizenship Lutheran faith.
His father Alexander lived in Késmárk and worked as a pharmacist.
1857/58 he studied philosophy, and pharmacy.

22. TOBIAS BENEDEK (monastic name) GRÜNWALDSKI
He was born in 1845 in a small Slovakian village in district Szepes (county Szepes)
That was a unit of directory at the northern part of the Hungarian Kingdom. Its territory, is divided today between Poland and Slovakia.
Hungarian nationality, Austrian citizen and Roman Catholic.
His father Jan prepared wools in a small Slovakian village.
He attended the school in Lőcse,
1868/69-187I/72 he studied at faculty of theology as a private student.

23. MICHAL LEON HOFMAN
He was born in Vágújhel1 (Slovakia, earlier Hungary)Hungarian nationality, Austrian citizenship, Roman Catholic faith.
His father David attended university for surgery, lived and died in Vágújhely.
Leon studied in 1951/2 at the medical faculty. He was a private student.
He was noted as a doctor as a colonel.

24. EMERIK KOSTYÁL (VON TARNO KOSTYÁL) KOSTYÁL
He was born in Temesvár, Hungarian nationality and citizenship, Roman Catholic.
He finished pharmacy school.
1903/14 first semester he attended the medical faculty. He was a private student.

25. HENRYK KRONHELM DE NORDHEIM
Born in Szeged (Hungary) of Hungarian nationality and Austrian citizenship, Roman Catholi faith.
His father Wilhelm was a lieutenant and lived in Szeged.
He gave the last exam -in Lwow 22 July l886
1856/ /60 he Studied law
28 July 1860 graduated.
22. December 1863 He obtained a doctorate degree in law

26. DANIEL KUCSERA
He was born 1818 in Limpak (a village in Slovakia in district Pozsony, in the area of Bazin),
Hungarian nationality, Austrian citizen, Lutheran religion.
His father Samuel died.
Daniel attended theology in the town of Modor and did scientific work.
From he studied in Wieden at the Academy of Surgery until 1842.
he attended the medical faculty.
30 March 1854 he was a medical pharmacist.
He was mentioned as a military doctor.

27. RUDOLF JAKAB LÖVI
He was born in 1829 in Raab (Győr) of Hungarian nationality and Austrian citizenship. Roman catholic faith.
His father Felix was a merchant in Raab.
He attended Wieden (Bécs), university, where he studied at the faculty of medicine 1854/55

28. BERNARD MONDLICHT
He was born 1845 in Lőcse (Slovakia,earlier Hungary). Hungarian nationality and citizenship. Jewish faith.
His father Adolf was an economist in Szabolcs, Hungary.
He did the last exam in the high school of Késmárk.
His first semester 1856/57 he studied at the faculty of medicine.

29. The percent of started/or/and completed faculties by Hungarian students of Jagello University in 1865/66
Medical 12 Judge 6 psychology 6 pharmacy 5 theology 2. The sum is 31 t.e is more the
The profession of the father(or tutor) of the Hungarian students of Jagello University 1985/66
Merchant 5, military doctor 1, military officer, 1, doctor 1, sergeant 1,economist 1, lieutenant
1, mercator for lodgings 1, priest 1, wool preparer 1, pharmacist 1, dyer 1, not signed 6 sum:22.

30. Roman Catholic 11 Jewish 7 Lutheran 4 Sum 22.
The percent of the religion of the Hungarian students of Jagellonian University 1865/66
Roman Catholic 11 Jewish 7 Lutheran 4 Sum 22.
The percent of the geographical origin of Hungarian students of Jagello University 1865/66
Hungary 10 (Debrecen. Zalaegerszeg, Szered, Bártfa. Késmárk, Nyitra, Temesvár. Szeged,
Győr. Nagy Sziget), Slovakia 6 (Lőcse. Vágúlyhely, Libereck, Limpak) Poland 5 (Tarnov(3),
Varsó, Oravice,), Galicia 1 (Lvow) Sum: 22.