1. Birds and Mammals Pages 406-413 and 420-428

2. The Birds! Pgs. 406-413

3. Body Characteristics Body Symmetry: Bilateral Cell Organization: cells to tissues, to organs, to organ systems Reproduction: Sexual Body Development: Internal fertilization where females lay eggs that contain embryos. When the embryo is fully developed it hatches.

4. Just the facts… ENDOTHERMIC VERTEBRATE Has feathers Four-chambered heart Lays eggs

5. How Do Birds Move? Have adaptations for flightflight – Many of their bones are hollow – Wings – Large chest muscles – Feathers CONTOUR FEATHERS: to help balance and steer DOWN FEATHERS: to keep warm

6. How Do Birds Get Oxygen? Require lots of oxygen because of their need to fly – Have air sacs all through their body that connect to lungs – 4 – chambered heart which allows their cells to have PLENTY of oxygen

7. How Do Birds Eat? Need to eat LOTS of food to have enough energy to fly. One-way system Digestive system: – Bill – captures, grips and handles food – Esophagus – Crop – stores food – Gizzard – grinds the food – Intestine – Anus

8. How Do Birds Reproduce Internal fertilization Lay hard-shelled eggs Incubate (keep warm) the eggs because the embryo will only develop at a temperature close to the bird’s body temperature. Depending on the species, chicks may take 12-80 days to hatch Birds like ducks and chickens can run around right after hatching. Other chicks like robins and blue jays are featherless, blind, and nearly too weak to eat food.

9. Bird Adaptations Birds have special adaptations to their beak structure, feather color and body type. – Allows them to survive in a certain environment – Allows them to eat certain food Blue Heron spears its prey with its sharp beak. Eagles use their talons to capture prey.

10. The flightless ostrich runs up to 60 km/hr! The macaw has a thick beak to help it crack open seeds. The hummingbird’s long, thin beak allows it to feed off of the nectar of a flower.

11. Birds: A Review

12. Mammals pgs 420-428

13. Body Characteristics Body Symmetry: Bilateral Body Organization: Cells to tissues to organs to organ systems Reproduction: Sexual Body Development: Zygote to embryo to fetus

14. Just the Facts… ENDOTHERMIC VERTEBRATES Four Chambered Heart Skin covered with fur or hair Give birth to live young Young mammals are fed by milk produced by the mother

15. How do Mammals Eat? Mammals have teeth – Incisors: flat edged used to bite off and cut food – Canines: Pointed used to stab and tear food – Pre-Molars: broad used to grind food – Molars: broad used to grind food

16. A Mammals Teeth Reflects it’s Diet What would a Carnivore’s teeth look like? What would a herbivore’s teeth look like?

17. How do mammals get Oxygen? Mammals have lungs – Provides a large surface area where the oxygen moves into the blood Four chambered heart – Double loop circulatory system

18. How do Mammals Move? Most mammals walk or run on four limbs Some have special adaptations for movement in their environment – Wings – Flippers – Powerful hopping legs

19. 3 Orders of Mammals Monotremes – Egg Laying Mammals – Lay eggs into a pouch in the mother’s belly

20. 3 Orders of Mammals Marsupials – Young born at an early stage (embryo) – Continue to develop in a pouch

21. 3 Orders of Mammals Placental Mammals – Largest order of mammals – Young develop inside the mother’s body until it can function independently – Divided into families based on characteristics like how they eat and how they move

22. Mammal Families Carnivores – Large canine teeth – Clawed toes

23. Mammal Families Marine – Fins and flippers for swimming – Larger lung capacity

24. Mammal Families Rodents – Have incisor teeth for gnawing at food The capybara is the largest rodent in the world.

25. Mammal Families Rabbits and Hares – Specialized legs for leaping – Curved incisors for gnawing

26. Mammal Families Mammals with Trunks – Long trunks used for collecting food and water

27. Mammal Families Insect Eaters – Extremely sharp teeth – Sensitive noses for sniffing out insects

28. Mammal Families Toothless Mammals – Swallow food whole

29. Mammal Families Hoofed Mammals – Feet are adapted for galloping on hard surfaces

30. Mammal Families Flying Mammals – Thin skin stretches over arm bones creating wings

31. Mammal Families Primates – Large Brains – Eyes that face outward – Typically one young per pregnancy – Unique grasping ability

32. Mammals: A Review