1. Anatomy and Physiology
Martini’s Visual
Anatomy and Physiology
First Edition
Martini w Ober
Lab 5 Digestive System
100 min, 52 slides

2. Objectives for Today
Identify the structures of the digestive system that are listed in your Study Guide, given either a model or photograph of a model
Be able to sketch the hepatobiliary system (Liver, Bile ducts, and Gall bladder) and surrounding organs, labeling all relevant structures. (You will hand your sketch in as your lab report.)

3. Major Organs of Digestive System
Figure from: Saladin, Anatomy & Physiology, McGraw Hill, 2007
Organs can be divided into the:
Digestive tract (alimentary canal); tube extending from mouth to anus (about 30 ft.)
Accessory organs; teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

4. The Greater and Lesser Omenta* * * * * * * * *
Figure from: Saladin, Anatomy & Physiology, McGraw Hill, 2007

5. Palate and Pharynx roof of oral cavity * * (adenoids)
Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010
(adenoids) *
Muscles of the soft palate include: 1. Tensor Palati, 2. Levator Palati, 3. Palatoglossus, 4. Palatopharyngeus, and the 5. Superior Constrictor *

6. Salivary Glands *
Figure from: Saladin, Anatomy & Physiology, McGraw Hill, 2007 * *
Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010

7. Esophagus * * Esophagus lies behind the trachea
Esophagus is about 25 cm long. Straight course through the mediastinum. Solid foods pass from the oropharynx to the stomach in about 8 sec.; fluids in about 1-2 sec. *
Esophagus lies behind the trachea
Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010

8. Position of Spleen *

9. Stomach * * * * * * * Pyloric sphincter = pylorus Cardiac sphincter
Greater curvature *
Range of stomach volume is about 50 ml (empty) to about 4L (very distended). *
Pyloric antrum *
Pyloric sphincter = pylorus
Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010

10. Pancreas * * * * * * * * * * Accessory duct - Main duct
Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010 * * * * * *
Accessory duct * *
- Main duct * *

11. Liver (Hepato-) * * * * * * *
Figure from: Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Pearson Education, 2004

12. Hepatobiliary System
You will be sketching this today for your lab report.
Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010

13. Three Parts of Small Intestine* * * * * * *
Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010

14. Large Intestine * * * * * * * * *

15. What You Should Do…
Locate the structures listed in your Laboratory Guide using
Individual models of organs
Torso models
Sketch the hepatobiliary system as outlined on the sheet handed out today and hand that in before leaving today.

16. Lab Exam 1 Blood (Exercise 1)
Know how to read a blood typing card (agglutination reaction) and determine blood type from what you see
Understand what determines blood type and under what circumstances a transfusion reaction may occur, i.e., what serum antibodies must be present for a reaction to take place
Be able to distinguish the different types of leukocytes given a photomicrograph, and know the approximate percentage of each type of leukocyte

17. Lab Exam 1 Heart and blood vessels (Exercise 2)
Using the American Heart Model and the other models provided in lab, be able to recognize ALL the structures on the checklist in your Laboratory Guide
What is responsible for the first (S1) and second (S2) heart sounds?
Be able to label a diagram of the arteries and/or veins shown in your Laboratory Guide (the ones marked with an asterisk in Lecture 5 slides)
Electrocardiogram (ECG) (Exercise 3)
Be able to recognize both the waves (P, QRS, and T) as well as the P-R and Q-T intervals given an ECG tracing
Know how to calculate heart rate given an ECG tracing and a time interval between one or more beats (show calculations)
Blood Pressure (Exercise 4)
Be sure to understand the blood pressure experiment we did and know the name of the equipment you used during the lab.
Know how to derive values for blood pressure, e.g., pulse pressure, MAP.
Digestive System (Exercise 5)
You should be able to identify, given a model or a photograph of a model, ALL the structures listed in your Laboratory Guide.