1. Foot, Ankle, Lower Leg Injuries Sports Medicine 1 Enterprise High School W. Brack

2. Anatomy Bony components Tibia, fibula 26 Foot bones

3. Arches Medial longitudinal, Lateral longitudinal, anterior metatarsal, and transverse Shock absorbers Support body weight Provide rigid lever for propulsion Accommodation to uneven surfaces

4. Ligaments Plantar aponeurosis Medial (Deltoid) Lateral ~ anterior talofibular ~ calcaneofibular ~ posterior talofibular

5. Retrocalcaneal Bursitis Cause: Chronic inflammation of bursa from constant rubbing from heel of shoe. S/S: Tenderness, swelling, warmth, and redness TX: Doughnut pad placed around area Prevention: Properly fitting shoes

6. Bunion Cause: Bony enlargement of the head of the 1 st metatarsal caused from wearing improperly fitting shoes. S/S: Obvious deformity, tenderness, and swelling. TX: Proper shoe selection, protection devices, surgery may be necessary Prevention: Properly fitting shoes.

8. Metatarsal Fracture Cause: Direct force or twisting or torsion stresses S/S: Swelling and pain. More pt tender and sometimes palpable. TX: RICE, casting Prevention: Avoid getting kicked, falling/rolling ankle

9. Pes Planus Over pronation of foot Cause: Lack of support in shoes, genetics, age S/S: Foot pain, lack of longitudinal arch, lateral heel tilt Tx: arch stretches, toe curls, ice massage, orthotics Prevention: toe curls, proper shoes

10. Ingrown Toenail Cause: Improper shoe fitting and nail cutting S/S: Increased pain, swelling, redness around the nail bed TX: Hot, soapy water, antibiotics, raise nail up. Prevention: proper shoes, proper nail trimming

11. Ankle Sprain Cause: Inversion of the ankle S/S: Point tenderness, swelling, laxity TX: RICE, rehabilitation immediately Prevention: Strengthening exercises, proper shoes

13. Tibia/Fibula Fractures Cause: Direct Force, rotary force S/S: Immediate pain, swelling, possible deformity TX: Immediate referral to MD Prevention: Wear proper shin protection

15. Shin Splints Causes: Changes in any kind of training. Abnormal strength in Antagonist muscle S/S: Anterior medial shin pain TX: Eliminate bad changes, modified rest, cryotherapy, arch tape job

16. Achilles Tendonitis Cause: Repetitive weight bearing activities that increase quicker than body can adapt to. S/S: Generalized pain and stiffness around the Achilles tendon. Usually gradual onset. TX: Limiting or restricting the activity that caused the irritation. Aggressive stretching of heel cord. Prevention: Heel cord stretching, proper acclimization to activity.

17. Achilles Tendon Rupture Cause: Sudden, forceful plantar flexion of the ankle with a chronically tight tendon. S/S: Feel or hear a pop. Feel as if they’ve been kicked in the leg. Inability to plantar flex foot. TX: Surgery vs. Cast Prevention: Stretching and proper care of any tendonitis