1. Lower Leg/Ankle Injuries

2. Great Toe Sprain Aka – turf toe MOI ▫Excessive force applied to great toe (flexion or extension)  Force causes sprain/strain S/Sx ▫Pain, swelling, discoloration ▫Inability to walk/run normally Tx ▫PRICE ▫Tape/padding

3. Arch Sprain MOI ▫Running on hard surface ▫Improper footwear ▫Repetitive stress S/Sx ▫Pain over involved arch ▫Difficulty walking/running ▫Swelling/discoloration on plantar surface Tx ▫PRICE ▫Padding to arch ▫Rehab – strengthening foot muscles/stretching calf muscles

4. Medial and Lateral Ankle Sprains 85% of ankle sprains occur from excessive inversion 15% of ankle sprains occur from excessive eversion

5. MOI ▫IV or EV  Severity depends on:  Amount of force  Amount of tape  Type of shoe  Strength of muscles S/Sx ▫Swelling, discoloration ▫Crepitus ▫Decreased ROM Tx ▫PRICE ▫Referral – certain situations ▫Rehab

6. video http://www.csmfoundation.org/tennis_feethurt.mpeghttp://www.csmfoundation.org/tennis_feethurt.mpeg

7. Ankle Dislocation MOI ▫Heel hits ground forcefully ▫Posterior dislocation occurs with a blow to the anterior aspect of the leg while the ankle is in plantar flexion S/Sx ▫PAIN ▫Deformity ▫Inability to use Tx ▫911

8. Achilles Tendonitis MOI ▫Repeated running, jumping, landing ▫Causes cells in tendon to break down S/Sx ▫Tenderness ▫Swelling ▫Crepitus on dorsiflexion Tx ▫Rest and Ice ▫Stretching ▫Refer to MD sometimes

9. Achilles Tendon Rupture MOI ▫Forced dorsiflexion ▫Blow to Achilles ▫Sudden forceful contraction of gastrocnemius S/Sx ▫Pain ▫Hear/feel pop ▫Deformity ▫Swelling ▫weakness Tx ▫REFER immediately ▫Splint, ice, crutches ▫Surgery

10. 5 th Metatarsal Fracture (Jones Fx) MOI ▫Ankle Inversion ▫Peroneus brevis tendon pulls away from the bone S/Sx ▫Pain, swelling ▫crepitus Tx ▫PRICE ▫Refer to MD  Boot or cast  surgery

11. Epiphyseal of Distal Tibia or Fibula Fracture MOI ▫Forced plantar flexion and inversion S/Sx ▫Pain, swelling ▫Difficulty walking due to pain Tx ▫Splint ▫REFER ▫Complication  Not healing properly  Stunt growth

12. Stress Fracture MOI ▫Repetitive motions (running) S/Sx ▫Pain ▫Swelling over the bone Tx ▫Refer for x-rays ▫Cast/crutches ▫4-6 wks rest

13. Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome (shin splints) MOI ▫The muscle fibers on the medial side of the tibia become torn and irritated S/Sx ▫Pain  Over tibia  While running/walking ▫Tight calf muscle Tx ▫PRICE ▫Ice massage! ▫Calf stretching ▫New shoes ▫Arch supports/tape

14. Anterior Compartment Syndrome MOI ▫Due to overuse or severe impact, the tissue in the compartment swells, it increases the pressure on the connective tissue, which causes severe pain that increases with activity and does not subside when there is no activity or a period of rest S/Sx ▫Hot, red skin; hardness in area ▫Loss of foot motion ▫Numbness/tingling ▫Severe pain Tx ▫REFER immediately!!! ▫Surgery required to relieve pressure

15. Tib/Fib Fx video http://www.csmfoundation.org/educational_lo wer_extremity.htmlhttp://www.csmfoundation.org/educational_lo wer_extremity.html

16. Pics