1. THE TRAGEDY OF APPEASEMENT

2. FOCUS QUESTION: Explain the best way to handle bullies.

3. BETWEEN THE WARS Underlying tension in Europe between the wars England and France went through changes Germany in a state of shambles Power vacuum in Eastern Europe Situation ripe for totalitarian governments

5. CHARACTERISTICS Single-party dictatorship Strong, charismatic leader State control over the economy Use of police, spies, and terror to maintain control Government control of media Use of schools and youth groups to spread propaganda

6. RISE OF TOTALITARIAN STATES During the 1920s, Totalitarian governments were on the rise Massive economic turmoil Civil unrest and rioting within the country Loss in the First World War Desire to rebuild national greatness

7. TOTALITARIAN STATES Soviet Union (Stalin) Dominated by the Communists Italy (Mussolini) Dominated by the Fascists Germany (Hitler) Dominated by the Nazi Party Japan (Military Leaders)

8. RISE OF NAZI GERMANY Nazism built on a strong sense of German destiny All Germans should live in one country Ein Volk, Ein Reich, Ein Fuhrer One People, One Country, One Leader Germans (Aryans) a “Master Race”, destined to rule To thrive, Germans needed living space (Lebensraum)

9. NAZI RISE TO POWER Attempted abortive putsch in 1923 Armed revolt did not work Ideas outlined in Mein Kampf (My Struggle) Use democratic means to suborn democracy Played on desperation of the German people “stabbed In the back by traitors” Promised economic stability Promised greatness

10. GAINED POPULARITY Use of simple arguments and nationalist imagery Continued to gain seats in the Reichstag By 1932, the Nazis were the largest party in the Reichstag Nazis demanded Hitler be appointed Chancellor (Head of Government)

11. SEIZED CONTROL Reichstag fire, February 1933 Used as an excuse to take power Banned left-wing political parties Passed the Enabling Act, giving the cabinet legislative power Assumed control

12. EXPANSION Slowly overturned Versailles Reoccupied the Rhineland (1936) Rebuilt German army Anschluss (unification) of Austria (1938) Turned sights of the Sudetenland

13. APPEASEMENT Largely German district in Czechoslovakia Germany demanded the region Czechoslovakia refused Conference held in Munich in 1938 Britain and France agreed to the transfer “Peace in our time”

14. PROMISE BROKEN March 1939: Germany annexed the rest of the country August 1939: Nonaggression Pact with USSR Secret agreement to divide Poland Shocked the world September 1, 1939: Germany invasion of Poland