1. PROF. KAREN GOODLAD FALL 2012 6/11/2016 1 Wines of North America

2. Introduction: Prohibition 6/11/2016 2 Alcohol production and distribution was illegal in the United States from 1920-1933 Exception  home production and use  Prescriptions Affect on the wine industry  Vineyards changed grape varieties and shipped to end user  Wineries closed Not until the 1970’s did wine consumption reach pre- prohibition levels  ~1.5 gallons per capita

3. Introduction: Prohibition 6/11/2016 3

4. Introduction: Prohibition 6/11/2016 4

5. Important Members of the CA Wine World Charles Krug Frank Schoonmaker Ernest and Julio Gallo Andre Tchelisticheff Warren Winiarski and Mike Grgich Robert Mondavi

6. Wine Production & Consumption 6/11/2016 6 America is the worlds 4 th largest wine Producing Nation  1, Italy; 2, France; 3, Spain; 4, USA; 5, Argentina  Within the US: 1, California; 2, Washington ; 3, NY; 4, Oregon America is Ranked 56 th in per capita World Wine ConsumptionRanked 56 th First in overall consumption 90% of Wine in America is Consumed by 10% of the Population

7. Labeling/Naming Wines 6/11/2016 7 Proprietary Labels  Trademarked/Copy Write Opus One, Dominus, Thunderbird  Winery Name  Stags Leap, Robert Mondavi Winery, Cakebread Varietals  Chardonnay, Merlot… Generic Labels  Meritage, Chablis, Burgundy… Other  Estate Bottled, Reserve, Late Harvest, Botrytis For More Info: US Government Guide & Professional Friends of WineUS Government Guide Professional Friends of Wine

8. Wine Laws 6/11/2016 8 Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB)TTB  Formerly known as the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (BATF) American Viticultural Area (AVA)  Geographically defined growing area  Petition BATF  Describe what makes the region different  Soil, climate, microclimate, history, watertable, elevation…  1 st AVA Augusta, Missouri, 1980  As of October 2010 197 AVAs recorded in 35 different states

9. Wine Laws 6/11/2016 9 Varietal Name  Wine must be 75% from the named variety  In Oregon it is 90% (Cabernet Sauvignon is 75%) Place Name  State 75%  Exception: CA, WA, OR = 100%  County 75%  AVA 85% (Washington State 100%) Vintage  95% from that harvest Health Warning Sulfite Warning

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11. California  An Extensive Array of Wine for the World to Enjoy  Ranges form jug wine to super premium  85% of all vineyards and about 90% of all wine produced in the USA is produced in CA  2 of every 3 bottles of wine sold in the US are from California

12. North Coast, ~15% of total CA Wine Production Notable AVAs  Napa Valley, Sonoma Valley, Carneros, Oakville, Russian River Valley plus many more Climate: Varies dramatically  Coastal regions have influence of fog  Very warm interiors/valleys  Microclimates on mountains Soil: Varies Notable Grape Varieties  Cabernet Sauvignon and Bordeaux Blends, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Rhone Varietals

13. Napa Valley High Quality, Limited Quantity 4-5% of total production Valley Floor  Fog in AM and HOT in PM  Clay soils with alluvial deposits, fertile Mayacamas Mountains to West Vaca Hills to the East  Volcanic soils, drain well Cabernet Sauvignon Dominates

14. Carneros (Sub AVA of Napa Valley) South of Napa Valley Dense fog cools the climate significantly Flat terrain, varied soils Chardonnay and Pinot Noir

15. Sonoma Valley ( A Rural Napa) Mayacamas Mountains to the East and Sonoma Mountains on the West Wide variety of styles of wine produced Planted on valley floor and rolling hills

16. San Francisco Bay Notable AVAs  Livermore and Santa Cruz Climate Soil Grapes Note: Significant Urban Sprawl Has Limited Vineyard Acreage

17. Central Coast

18. Sierra FootHills No significant AVAs Climate Soil Grapes Note: Grapes first planted here during Gold Rush of the 1850s.

19. Central Valley Notable AVAs: Lodi Climate Soil: Varies Grapes: 60% of total CA Production  Zinfandel, Sauvignon Blanc and Rhone Valley Varietals  Bulk, non varietal significant grapes

20. New York State 6/11/2016 20 3 rd Largest Wine Producing State  9 AVAs, 230 Wineries as of 10/10 Climate  Cool, Danger of Frost in Spring & Fall  Moderating Effects of Large Bodies of Water Create Micro Climates Dominant Grape Varieites  80% Vitis Labrusca: 33%Concord, Catawba, Niagara  ~15% Vitis Vinifera of mostly Bordeaux Varieties  Low Yields For More Info: Uncork New YorkUncork New York

21. NYS AVAs 6/11/2016 21 Lake Erie AVA Niagara Escarpment AVA Finger Lakes AVA  Cayuga Lake AVA  Seneca Lake AVA Hudson River AVA North Fork, Long Island AVA Hamptons, Long Island AVA Long Island AVA

22. Washington 6/11/2016 22 Washington Wine Commission  100% from AVA, 100% variety on label  No additives to change color, flavor, aroma  Reserve: 3000 cases or 10% of total wine production  No generic labeling 11 AVAs Stimson Lane = ~2/3 of WA state production:  Chateau St. Michelle (important sparkling wine producer), Columbia Crest  Partnership with Antinori (famous for Super Tuscans) growing Sangiovese and Cabernet for blending

23. Washington 6/11/2016 23 Cascade Mountains  West significant Rainfall, more moderate temperatures  East less rainfall, warmer days, cooler nights  100º days  40º nights  irrigation is necessary  Long daylight hours Dominant Grape Varieties  Chardonnay, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Riesling, Syrah

24. Selection of Washington AVAs 6/11/2016 24 Columbia Valley AVA (W & O)  6 Sub Appellations as of 10/10 Walla Walla Valley AVA (W & O)  Sub Appellation of Columbia Valley AVA  Less than ½ % of total vineyards Yakima Valley AVA  Sub Appellation of Columbia Valley AVA  40% of Washington’s vineyards Red Mountain AVA  Sub Appellation of Columbia Valley AVA  One of the Smallest Appellation Horse Heaven Hills AVA

25. Oregon 6/11/2016 25 Think Pinot Noir Most Farm Using Sustainable & Environmentally Friendly Practices Climate  Maritime Dominant Grape Varieties  Pinot Noir, Pinot Gris, Chardonnay

26. Oregon’s AVAs 6/11/2016 26 Columbia Valley AVA (W & O) Walla Walla Valley AVA (W & O) Willamette Valley AVA  largest, 75% of production Chehalem Mountains Umpqua Valley AVA Dundee Hills AVA Rogue Valley AVA Applegate AVA

27. Comparison of Washington & Oregon 6/11/2016 27 WashingtonOregon East Cascade Mts.West Cascade Mts. IrrigationNo Irrigation ContinentalMaritime 2021 Hours of Sunshine and More Heat Good for Thick Skin Varietal 1660 Hours of Sunshine Better for Thin Skin Varietals 24% Chardonnay 22%Cabernet Sauvignon 21% Merlot 23% Other (Trend Toward Sangiovese) 53% Pinot Noir 13% Pinot Gris 9% Chardonnay 25% Other 540 WineriesMore than 300 wineries

28. Terms to Know 6/11/2016 28 Prohibition TTB AVA Labeling Laws