1. PROF. KAREN GOODLAD SPRING 2012 6/11/2016 1 Wines of North America

2. Introduction: Prohibition 6/11/2016 2

3. Introduction: Prohibition 6/11/2016 3

4. Introduction: Prohibition 6/11/2016 4 Alcohol production and distribution was illegal in the United States from 1920-1933 Exception  home production and use  Prescriptions Affect on the wine industry  Vineyards changed grape varieties and shipped to end user  Wineries closed Not until the 1970’s did wine consumption reach pre- prohibition levels  ~1.5 gallons per capita

5. The Judgment of Paris, 1976 Major event in the world of California wine (and U.S. wine in general) Blind tasting of French and American wines (red & white) coordinated by Steven Spurrier in Paris Judges were all French

6. Introduction: Current Trends 6/11/2016 6 The Prominence and Quality of Wine in North America Has grown Significantly in the Last Three DecadesLast Three Decades According to Adams Beverage the rise is attributed to:  Per Capital, Americans Drank 2.5 Gallons of Wine in 2009  US is the #1 wine market in the world with 211.9 million cases sold in 2011, up 5.6% (Wine Institute Trends Article)Wine Institute Trends Article  We are eating out more and ordering wine more as a result  "Critter" labels made wine seem more accessible in the early to mid 2000’s, those people have stayed loyal to wine  The impact of positive health news related to wine has had a continuing impact  We are entertaining at home more

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8. Top Five Wine Companies in the US Wine CompanyNumber of Cases sold in the US in 2011 E&J Gallo André, Barefoot Cellars, Mirassou, Gallo Family Vineyard Single Vineyard, Turning Leaf 75,000,000 The Terlato Wine Group Chimney Hill, Rutherford Hill 62,000,000 Constellation Wines Robert Mondavi Winery, Clos du Bois, Blackstone 47,000,000 Treasury Wines 18,000,000 Trinchero Family 16,500,000 Companies 26-30 Produced 600,000 cases or less 6/11/2016 8

9. Labeling/Naming Wines 6/11/2016 9 Proprietary Labels  Trademarked/Copy Write Opus One, Dominus, Thunderbird  Winery Name  Stags Leap, Robert Mondavi Winery, Cakebread Varietals  Chardonnay, Merlot… Generic Labels  Meritage, Chablis, Burgundy… Other  Estate Bottled, Reserve, Late Harvest, Botrytis For More Info: US Government Guide & Professional Friends of WineUS Government Guide Professional Friends of Wine

10. Wine Laws 6/11/2016 10 Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB)TTB  Formerly known as the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (BATF) American Viticultural Area (AVA)  Geographically defined growing area  Petition BATF  Describe what makes the region different  Soil, climate, microclimate, history, watertable, elevation…  1 st AVA Augusta, Missouri, 1980  Over 2010 AVAs in 2015

11. Wine Laws 6/11/2016 11 Varietal Name  Wine must be 75% from the named variety  In Oregon it is 90% (Cabernet Sauvignon is 75%) Place Name  State 75%  Exception: CA, WA, OR = 100%  County 75%  AVA 85% (Washington State 100%) Vintage  95% from that harvest Health Warning Sulfite Warning

12. New York State 6/11/2016 12 3 rd Largest Wine Producing State  9 AVAs, 230 Wineries as of 10/10 Climate  Cool, Danger of Frost in Spring & Fall  Moderating Effects of Large Bodies of Water Create Micro Climates Dominant Grape Varieites  80% Vitis Labrusca: 33%Concord, Catawba, Niagara  ~15% Vitis Vinifera of mostly Bordeaux Varieties  Low Yields For More Info: Uncork New YorkUncork New York

13. NYS AVAs 6/11/2016 13 Lake Erie AVA Niagara Escarpment AVA Finger Lakes AVA  Cayuga Lake AVA  Seneca Lake AVA Hudson River AVA North Fork, Long Island AVA Hamptons, Long Island AVA Long Island AVA

14. Washington 6/11/2016 14 Washington Wine Commission  100% from AVA, 100% variety on label  No additives to change color, flavor, aroma  Reserve: 3000 cases or 10% of total wine production  No generic labeling 11 AVAs Stimson Lane = ~2/3 of WA state production:  Chateau St. Michelle (important sparkling wine producer), Columbia Crest  Partnership with Antinori (famous for Super Tuscans) growing Sangiovese and Cabernet for blending

15. Washington 6/11/2016 15 Cascade Mountains  West significant Rainfall, more moderate temperatures  East less rainfall, warmer days, cooler nights  100º days  40º nights  irrigation is necessary  Long daylight hours Dominant Grape Varieties  Chardonnay, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Riesling, Syrah

16. Selection of Washington AVAs 6/11/2016 16 Columbia Valley AVA (W & O)  6 Sub Appellations as of 10/10 Walla Walla Valley AVA (W & O)  Sub Appellation of Columbia Valley AVA  Less than ½ % of total vineyards Yakima Valley AVA  Sub Appellation of Columbia Valley AVA  40% of Washington’s vineyards Red Mountain AVA  Sub Appellation of Columbia Valley AVA  One of the Smallest Appellation Horse Heaven Hills AVA

17. Oregon 6/11/2016 17 Think Pinot Noir Most Farm Using Sustainable & Environmentally Friendly Practices Climate  Maritime Dominant Grape Varieties  Pinot Noir, Pinot Gris, Chardonnay

18. Oregon’s AVAs 6/11/2016 18 Columbia Valley AVA (W & O) Walla Walla Valley AVA (W & O) Willamette Valley AVA  largest, 75% of production Chehalem Mountains Umpqua Valley AVA Dundee Hills AVA Rogue Valley AVA Applegate AVA

19. Comparison of Washington & Oregon 6/11/2016 19 WashingtonOregon East Cascade Mts.West Cascade Mts. IrrigationNo Irrigation ContinentalMaritime 2021 Hours of Sunshine and More Heat Good for Thick Skin Varietal 1660 Hours of Sunshine Better for Thin Skin Varietals 24% Chardonnay 22%Cabernet Sauvignon 21% Merlot 23% Other (Trend Toward Sangiovese) 53% Pinot Noir 13% Pinot Gris 9% Chardonnay 25% Other 540 WineriesMore than 300 wineries

20. General California Climate Unique as it changes as much from East to West as it does North to South Coast Central Valley Sierra Foothills

21. Wine Regions of California North Coast San Francisco Bay Central Coast South Coast Sierra Foothills Central Valley

22. North Coast, ~15% of total CA Wine Production Notable AVAs  Napa Valley, Sonoma Valley, Carneros, Oakville, Russian River Valley plus many more Climate: Varies dramatically  Coastal regions have influence of fog  Very warm interiors/valleys  Microclimates on mountains Soil: Varies Notable Grape Varieties  Cabernet Sauvignon and Bordeaux Blends, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Rhone Varietals

23. Napa Valley High Quality, Limited Quantity 4-5% of total production Valley Floor  Fog in AM and HOT in PM  Clay soils with alluvial deposits, fertile Mayacamas Mountains to West Vaca Hills to the East  Volcanic soils, drain well Cabernet Sauvignon Dominates

24. Carneros (Sub AVA of Napa Valley) South of Napa Valley Dense fog cools the climate significantly Flat terrain, varied soils Chardonnay and Pinot Noir

25. Sonoma Valley ( A Rural Napa) Mayacamas Mountains to the East and Sonoma Mountains on the West Wide variety of styles of wine produced Planted on valley floor and rolling hills

26. San Francisco Bay Notable AVAs  Livermore and Santa Cruz Climate Soil Grapes Note: Significant Urban Sprawl Has Limited Vineyard Acreage

27. Central Coast

28. Sierra FootHills No significant AVAs Climate Soil Grapes Note: Grapes first planted here during Gold Rush of the 1850s.

29. Central Valley Notable AVAs: Lodi Climate Soil: Varies Grapes: 60% of total CA Production  Zinfandel, Sauvignon Blanc and Rhone Valley Varietals  Bulk, non varietal significant grapes

30. Terms to Remember Note: Wines of The Times has great articles on many different aspects of California wineWines of The Times Note: Wine Spectator offers many videos of winemakers from CA and around the worldWine Spectator

31. Terms to Know 6/11/2016 31 Prohibition TTB AVA Labeling Laws