2. Civilizations in Mesoamerica

3. Agriculture

4. 7000 BC in Central Mexico

5. Main Crop: Maize

6. Ancestor of Maize

8. Led to the rise of villages and civilization Almost no herdsmen

9. Olmecs 1200-400 BC

10. Gulf Coast of Mexico Mother Culture of the Region

11. Built earth mounds and stone monuments

12. Priests and nobles ruling Peasants

13. City-State of Teotihuacan

14. 200,000 people http://archaeology.la.asu.edu/teo/intro/moon2.jpg

15. http://www.washington.edu/ark2/archtm/dc3.html Pyramid of the Sun Abandoned by 750

16. http://www.greatbuildings.com/cgi-bin/gbi.cgi/Teotihuacan.html

17. Mural from Teotihuacan

18. http://www.washington.edu/ark2/archtm/dc51.html Maya Create Urban Kingdoms

19. Maya Empire

20. 1. Southern Mexico, Yucatan Pen. to Guatemala and Honduras 2. Dry highlands and Rain Forests

21. Classical Period 1. 240-900 http://www.mexconnect.com/mex_/travel/ldumois/maya/maya34.html Palenque

22. 2. Built at least 50 great cities such as Tikal

23. Classical Period 1. 240-900 3. Ruled by god-kings

24. 4. Great temples, pyramids and palaces http://www.washington.edu/ark2/archtm/dc49.html

25. Chichen Itza Mayan Society

26. 1. Vast trade network –(Cacao, jade, cotton, salt, flint, etc.)

27. 2. Both slash and burn and more sophisticated ag.

28. 3. Most advanced form of writing in the Americas (only 3 of their books [Codexes] exist)

29. http://www.geocities.com/Yosemite/Gorge/3147/madrid_codex.jpg Mayan writing

30. Maya Glyphs

31. Religion 1. Polytheist

32. Jaguar Cult

33. 2. Calendars and math

34. 3. Astronomy

35. http://www.eskimo.com/~zylyn/photos/itza29.jpg Observatory

36. 4. Self mutilation and human sacrifice

37. Sacrificial Ceynote Chichen Itza

38. Ballgame

39. http://www.washington.edu/ark2/archtm/dc37.html Ball court

40. http://www.eskimo.com/~zylyn/photos/itza9.jpg Ball court

41. http://www.eskimo.com/~zylyn/photos/itza6.jpg

42. Mayan Decline 1. Late 800’s suddenly abandoned most cities 2.Overpopulation= damage to ecology

43. Battle of Aguateca 3. Intercity warfare

44. 4. Arrival of the Toltecs and later Aztecs

45. 5. Mayans returned to village life

46. Still make up much of the population of Southern Mexico, Guatemala and Honduras.

47. The Toltecs

48. Controlled the valley of Mexico from around 900

49. Fierce and Warlike Major god: Quetzacoatl-- demanded human sacrifice

50. The Aztecs Remains of an Aztec temple in a Mexico City Subway station

51. The Aztecs come to Mexico

52. Origins 1. Mexica (later called Aztecs) entered Valley around 1200 (from North America?) after the decline of the Toltecs

53. http://home.freeuk.net/elloughton13/city.htm 2. Founded Tenochtitlan on islands in Lake Texcoco around 1325

54. Building Tenochtitlan

55. The Aztec Empire

56. 5-15 million subjects

57. Demanded tribute and obedience Brutal in suppressing revolt

58. Society Emperor--absolute power

59. Nobles Warriors Priests Government officials

60. School for noble boys

61. Commoners Artisans, merchants, farmers and soldiers Slaves

62. AztecJewelry

63. Economy Vast trade network Much of capital’s food provided by floating gardens

64. (60,000 per day met in capital for trade)

65. Tenochtitlan

66. Greatest city in the world Early 1500’s 200,000 pop. Connected to mainland by causeways and bridges (easy to defend)

67. Canals, aqueducts, good sanitation

68. Diego Rivera Mural-- Aztec Festival

70. http://www.washington.edu/ark2/archtm/dc53.html Templo Mayor all that remains of Tenochtitlan’s greatest pyramid

71. Religion

72. http://home.freeuk.net /elloughton13/sunston e.htm 1. Calendar, writing

73. http://www.washington.edu/ark2/archtm/dc55.html Calendar Today

74. http://home.freeuk.net/elloughton13/evidence.htm Aztec Writing

75. 2. Gods demanded sacrifice-- 200 a day eventually

76. 3. Battle tactics designed to capture victims alive

77. http://www.eskimo.com/~zylyn/photos/itza5.jpg Wall of Skulls

78. Destruction of Azted Civilization

79. Montezuma II inherited great unrest Montezuma sees a comet

80. Demands for tribute and sacrifice caused rebellion

81. 1519 Word reached Montezuma that Quetzequatl had returned to the Gulf Coast

82. Hernando Cortes Conqueror of the Aztecs http://www.bergen.org/AAST/Projects/Cortes/cortes.html

83. http://www.funkandwagnalls.com/mediagallery/getpage.asp?book=FWENCOnline&abspage=/MediaGallery Montezuma II Last King of the Aztecs Killed by his own people

84. Reasons for Spanish success Weapons--firearms, horsesWeapons--firearms, horses Aztec enemiesAztec enemies Quetzacoatl--Believed Cortes might be a godQuetzacoatl--Believed Cortes might be a god

85. Disease--wiped out more than half of the IndiansDisease--wiped out more than half of the Indians

86. Intermission Tulum