1. 1. Where is Mesoamerica located?

2. From the northernmost border of Mexico to the Central-South America border.

3. 2. Why was Tikal important to the Mayans?

4. It was cultural city of the Mayan people.

5. 3. What is Machu Picchu? It is one of the most treasured Incan sites from the 15th century.

6. 4.Achievements Mayan-Solar Calendar and Astronomy, Architecture Aztec- artistic, city-Tenochtitlan, human sacrifice of those conquered Incan-engineering-roads and social equity based on autocratic rule

7. 5. Where is the Sahel located?

8. The Sahel--the border or coast of the Sahara-- is a semi-arid tropical region in Africa, that extends from the Atlantic Ocean to the Red Sea.

9. 7. Why did the Bantu migrations take place? Where did the people end up?

10. Environmental changes along the Sahara Desert helped create the migration. The Bantus moved South and Southeast to search for fertile land.

11. 8. What was the Nubia-Kush Kingdom known for?

12. Iron

13. 9. Why was King Ezana important to the Axum Kingdom?

14. He became a Christian. More Askumites became Christians, and the religion spread to Ethiopia.

15. 10. What nations and people did the East African Kingdoms and city states trade with?

16. They traded with India, Arabia, and other Middle East cities.

17. 11. What was the economic development of Ghana as a West African Kingdom?

18. Ghana was to the north of the Upper Niger river on the trade routes that carried salt and gold across the Sahara to the Mediterranean Sea. For over 200 years, it was made up of wealthy towns.

19. 12. How did Ghana decline in power?

20. After trading with Ghana, the Islamic world wanted more. In the mid-11th century, the Arabs took over its territory.

21. 13. What was the economic development of Mali as a West African Kingdom?

22. The Mali Empire was strategically located near gold mines and the agriculturally rich interior floodplain of the Niger River. Under Sundiata and his successors, Mali expanded rapidly west to the Atlantic Ocean and north to the salt and copper mines of the Sahara.

23. 14. What role did Mansa Musa play in developing the Mali Kingdom?

24. Mansa Musa, made a pilgrimage to the Islamic holy city of Mecca. Mali became an Islamic area with commercial cities- Timbuktu. After years of expansion, some areas broke away and became the Songhai Kingdom.

25. 15. Why was Timbuktu an important region during the Mali and Songhai Kingdoms?

26. It was the largest trading post for the Trans-Saharan route.Timbuktu's long- lasting contribution to Islamic and world civilization is scholarship. Timbuktu is assumed to have had one of the first universities in the world.

27. 16. What roles does lineage have?

28. African’s political and social organization was based on this.

29. 17. Why did people govern in a stateless society south of the Sahara?

30. There was no King or central government.

31. 18. What is the difference between patrilineal and matrilineal? Patrilineal-based on father’s line of descendants. Matrilineal-based on mother’s line of descendants.

32. 19. How does the individual fit in their tribe? Each individual has a position in the tribe. Positions are based on age-groups.

33. 20, What is the extended family composed of in African life? Cousins, Multiple Wives, and their children

34. 21. Why might African women feel comfortable with polygamy? Work duties were split. Life became easier.

35. 22. What did Animists believe in as a way of life? Spirits are found in nature and they are important to an African’s daily life.

36. 23. How were griots important to West African communities? Members left oral traditions and rituals behind for memory. The stories were not always true.