1. Please discuss the following questions with a partner:
How did geography effect the early development of Achaean civilization?
How did Achaean civilization build on earlier achievements?
What do the Iliad and Odyssey tell about Trojan War?

2. REVIEW What kinds of governments emerged in Greece?
How did democracy develop in Athens?
How were Sparta and Athens different?

3. Global II Patterns of Greek Life and Thought Chapter 4, Section 4
Read Pgs

4. Objectives 1.7 Describe how Athens lived during the Golden Age
1.8 Understand how religion influenced Greek life.
1.9 Explain the views held by Greek philosophers.
1.10 Describe how the Greeks developed new approaches to the study of history.

5. Essential Question
What contributions did the Greek philosophers make to Western Civilization?

6. Lesson Launch

7. Age of Pericles Greek/Athenian Golden Age Pericles “School of Greece”
General & Statesman
Instituted Direct Democracy in Athens
Parthenon – temple to Athena
Provided Salaries for gov’t employees
“School of Greece”
Athens for its intellect & art
Direct Democracy
Through trade & conquest – Greek culture will spread

8. REVIEW
Please ask someone around you:
WHAT WAS THE AGE OF PERICLES??

9. Pericles Funeral Oration
USE THE PDF FILE!

10. 1. Greek Religion
Polytheistic – used religion to explain natural occurrences

11. 2. Greek Drama & Literature
Oedipus the King
By Sophocles
2. Greek Drama & Literature
Tragedies – dramas which focus on suffering of main character
Comedies – plays which ridiculed people, ideas, and customs
Poetry – Iliad & Odyssey

12. 3. Human Reason and Philosophy
Philosophers: seekers of wisdom – search for order in nature {physical world}
Thales – Science not Gods
Sophists: “How does man achieve political and social success?”
Socrates
Reason alone guides us to truth and knowledge
“Know Thyself” – through knowledge we learn how to act in society – know something because you have reflected upon it!
Socratic Method – Question and answer technique
Plato
Student of Socrates
“The Republic”
Aristotle
“reason the highest good”
Lyceum (school)
Natural Laws
Organize Society
Achieved by

13. Socrates Plato Aristotle
Philosophers of Greece
Socrates
Plato
Aristotle
The Republic:

14. Regents DBQ Practice Task: Analyzing Historical Documents
Politics and Philosophy in Ancient Greece
Philosophy flourished under Athenian democracy. In their search for the best form of government, the best leaders, and the perfect society, Greek philosophers created works that have influenced thinkers for the ages. These “lovers of wisdom” used reason to guide their quest for truth, as the documents below show.
Document 1
“[Justice] is not a matter of external behavior, but of the inward self and of attending to all that is, in the fullest sense, a man’s proper concern. The just man does not allow the several elements in his should to usurp one another’s functions; he is indeed one who sets his house in order, by self-mastery and discipline coming to be at peace with himself, and brining into tune those…parts…Only when he has linked these parts together in well-tempered harmony…will he be ready to go about whatever he may have to do, whether it be making money…or business transactions, or the affairs of state. In all these fields when he speaks of just and honorable conduct, he will mean the behavior that helps to produce and to preserve this habit of mind; and by wisdom he will mean the knowledge which presides over such conduct. Any action which tends to break down this habit will be for him unjust: and the notions governing it he will call ignorance and folly.
That is perfectly true, Socrates.
Good, said I. I believe we should not be thought altogether mistaken, if we claimed to have discovered the just man and the just state, and wherein their justice consists.”
- Plato’s Republic, quoting Socrates
Document 2
“The legislator should
always include the middle
class in his government; if
he makes laws oligarchial,
to the middle class let him
look; if he makes them dem-
ocratical, he should equ-
ally be his laws try to attach
this class to the state. There
only can the government ever
be stable where the middle
class exceeds one or both of
the others, and in that case there will be no fear that the rich will united with the poor against the rulers…There comes a time when out of a false good there arises a true evil, since the encroachments of the rich are more destructive to the constitution than those of the people.”
- Politics, Aristotle
Document 3
“[F]or the truth is that you can have a well-governed society only if you can discover for your future rulers a better way of life than being in office; then only will power be in the hands of men who are rich, not in gold, but in the wealth that bring happiness, a good and wise life. All goes wrong when, starved for lack of anything good in their own lives, men turn to public affairs hoping to snatch from thence the happiness they hunger for. They set about fighting for power and this internecine [mutually destructive] conflict ruins them and their country. The life of true philosophy is the only one that looks down upon offices of state; and access to power must be confined to men who are not in love with it.”
- Republic, Plato
Task: Analyzing Historical Documents
Base your answers to questions 1 – 3 on the documents above and your knowledge of social studies. Your answers to the questions will help you write the essay below.
According to Socrates (Doc. 1), a just state depends on
Scientific truth and reason.
The harmony and discipline of the individual.
The stability of the elected government
Wisdom, education and wealth.
According to Plato (Doc. 3), which group of people would make the best rulers?
a. artists b. aristocrats c. philosophers d. soldiers
3.According to Aristotle (Doc. 2), why is the middle class necessary for a stable government?
To give rich people allies
To offer hope to poor people
To contribute a reasonable tax base
To balance the rich and the poor
ESSAY: Using the documents and your knowledge of history, write an essay in which you discuss the Greek philosophers and their interest in politics. What does this interest reflect about Greek society?

15. Student Teacher Relationship
SPAA
Socrates
Plato
Aristotle
Alexander the Great

16. Greek Historians Tried to understand and study human behavior
Herodotus – “founder of history”
First to gather and analyze historical evidence
Thucydides
Improved on Herodotus’ methods
Tried to present a balanced account of the war
Set an example for unbiased reporting for future historians
Recorded Pericles’ Funeral Oration

17. Closure How did Athens live during the Golden Age?
How did religion influence Greek life?
What were some of the views held by Greek philosophers?
What were new approaches to the study of history that Greeks developed?

18. Homework
Socrates
How did Socrates think one could improve society?

19. The “Known” World – 3c B.C.E.

20. Building Greek Cities in the East

21. The Incursion of Rome into the Hellenistic World

22. Alexander the Great’s Empire