1. THURSDAY  Agenda  What’s Due Mandate/Characteristics Summary Activity  What’s Next Unit 3 Test ReviewCab Due

2. Did You Know?!?  A baby octopus is about the size of a flea at birth.  More than 90% of shark attack victims survive.  Nearly 22,000 checks will be deducted from the wrong account over the next hour.  Turkey’s often look up at the sky during a rainstorm. Unfortunately some have been known to drown as a result.

3. Earliest History- Background  Ice Age Siberian hunters following mastodon migration Crossed land Bridge know as Beringia  Olmec Emerged in Southern Mexico 1200 BCE Known as the “mother culture” of Mesoamerica

4. Mayans  Location Rain forests of southern Mexico and Central America (Yucatan Peninsula and Guatemala). Chichen Itza - Became a regional capital ○ centralizing political, economic, and ideological life for the Mayan civilizations.  Organization Individual city-states ruled by kings. Some city-states would group together under one king.

5. MayansEconomy  Economy  Based on trade and agriculture. Traded craft goods Produced large amounts of food to be traded between the cities.

6. Mayans - Religion  Religion  Mayans believed in many gods (polytheistic).  Religion had a direct impact on all areas of Mayan culture. Mayan architecture featured giant pyramids Human sacrifices of captured enemies.

7. Mayans  Accomplishments  Developed a written language (800 hieroglyphic symbols) for extensive record keeping- Called glyphs  Development of the Mayan calendar  Estimated length of a year at 365.2420 days (.0002 short)  Estimated end of the world in 2012

8. Aztecs

9. Aztecs  Began as nomads  Founded their own city, Tenochtitlan in 1325.  Develops into highly organized urban center. Palaces, temples, markets, and residential districts connected by roads. Great Temple – giant pyramid that was the Aztec religious center.

10. Tenochtitlan – Artistic Depiction

11. Aztecs – Organization and Economy  Government Aztecs were ruled by an emperor who had absolute power. ○ Military based Heirarchy class system ○ Empeor, Nobles, Commoners, Slaves  Economy Large empire meant extensice trade network Agriculture and tribute system. ○ Chinampas – farm plots built above marshy fringes of the lake outside of Tenochtitlan. ○ Tribute System: Conquered people were forced to pay tribute (gold, cacao beans, jade, etc.), surrender their lands, and perform military service. In exchange, conquered people were extended Aztec protection.

12. Aztecs - Religion  Aztec culture centered on the belief of many gods (polytheistic). Huitilopochtli – sun god (most important Aztec god). Nourished by human blood to make the sun rise each day. Aztecs carried out human sacrifices on a massive scale. ○ Need of conquered people to offer constant sacrifices = expansion of empire.

13. Incas

14. Incas – When and Where  Location Centered in the Andes Mountains in modern-day Peru on the western coast of South America. Controlled 2500 miles of the western coast of South America and an estimated 16 million people. ○ Machu Picchu – Greatest Incan city built in 1450 in the mountains or Peru.

15. Incas – Organization and Economy  Government Incas were ruled by an emperor. ○ Divided the empire into territories ○ Controlled locally Ayllu -Groups of people working together for the common good of the Empire. -Ruled local areas while loyal to Emperor.

16. Incas  Economy Road system – 14,000 mile-long network of roads and bridges ○ Used for trade ○ Ranged from paved stone to simple paths. ○ Easy movement of troops throughout the empire. High-altitude farming (agriculture). ○ Terraced farming ○ All people were required to work for the state (government) and cared for in return.

17. Incas - Religion  Religion  Polytheistic.  The sun god was also the most important. Emperor of the Incas was believed to be the sun god’s representative on earth.