1. ‘Poisons to pills – we’re all gassed!’ A short history of Materia Medica Dr Martin Pucci Retired GP, Clinical Senior Lecturer Aberdeen University AECC September 24 th 2014

2. Thinking about Man United?

3. Early medicines Eber’s papyrus and stale bread! Dioscorides 50CE – materia medica – 5 vols Chinese books in 1500’s - 1800 plant remedies Cinchona, willow bark, foxglove, scorpion oil, theriac, opium, laudanum, ‘liquozone’, mercury & syphilis Merck 1820’s, Bayer 1890’s Collis Browne’s mixture and more! Then…the Madagascar Periwinkle

4. Trepanation

5. Papaverum Somniferum (opium Poppy)

6. Removing opium from the poppy ghozah

7. Smallpox and Cowpox Pandemic killer for centuries – Chinese ‘crusts’ variola major and variola minor Lady Mary Montagu 1717 Zabdiel Boylston in USA 1760 Benjamin Jesty in England 1774 EDWARD JENNER (1749 – 1823) 1798 and variola vaccinae

8. Baby with smallpox

9. Smallpox virus

10. Edward Jenner 1749 - 1823

11. The cartoonist’s view of inoculation

12. JOSEPH LISTER 1827 - 1912

13. A Lister carbolic acid spray

14. Anaesthesia ( lit - ‘without pain’) Joseph Priestly 1772 discovers Nitrous Oxide Sir Humphry Davy 1799. “Nitrous oxide appears capable of destroying physical pain, it may probably be used with advantage during surgical operations” - Anaesthesia first used on a patient in 1844 by an American dentist Horace Wells.

15. The Protagonists Crawford Long – 1842 noted ether Horace Wells – 1844 Travelling show William Morton – Nasty man Charles Jackson – Bitter man

16. Horace Wells 1815 - 1848

17. William Morton 1819 - 1868

18. Charles Jackson 1805 - 1880

19. 1 st use of G.A. - Oct 16th 1846 painting by Robert Hinckley 1882

20. 3.5 billion v 300,000 years Paul Ehrlich – 1912 ‘606’ + ‘914’ Gerhad Domagk 1930’s Flemming and Lysozymes and then mould Florey, Chain and Heatley Albert Alexander 1941 Albert Shatz and chicken sh*t!

21. Sir Alexander Fleming 1881-1955

22. What he saw – and recorded

23. Fleming, Chain and Florey

24. Unsung hero – Norman Heatley

25. Gas gangrene (Cl. Perfringens)

26. Insulin Discovery Diabetes – known for centuries – urine tasting Avicenna (980CE) “Wonderfully sweet” Later linked with pancreas in 1600’s Paul LANGERHANS 1869 – ‘islands’ noted Then shown ‘Insuline’ was produced by them and what it did…..then BANTING, BEST, MCLEOD and COLLIP

27. Sir Frederick BANTING (1891-1941) Charles BEST (1899 – 1978)

28. Prof J. J. R. McLeod (1876 – 1935)

29. And some more….. Gregory PINCUS et al (1903 – 1967) & Margaret SANGER (1879 – 1966) Sir James BLACK (1924 -2010) Henri LABORIT (1914 – 1995)

30. …and finally ….”If I have seen a little further it is by standing on the shoulders of giants” (Sir Isaac Newton in 1676)