1. ASA East Region Swimming Officials Group Prepared by David Robinson 1

2. DETERMINATION OF RACE RESULTS WHEN THE AOE FAILS OR IS NOT IN USE AS FROM 1 st MAY 2014 2

3. The referee has to utilise all information and use it in accordance with the rules to determine the fairest result to each and every race and produce a result that has to be able to withstand scrutiny. Prior to July 2013 manual placings would have taken preference over manual times in determining the result of races. Since that date it is open to the referee to place on the official times using the manual placings to act as a checking mechanism. 3

4. DETERMINATION OF RACE RESULTS WHEN AOE IS NOT USED If there are less than three timekeepers per lane the referee will use all the information available to determine the results. In a close finish, and when the finish judges and the referee are not certain, then the positions will normally decided by using the watch times. Alternately if, for example, there is only one timekeeper per lane and both finish judges and the referee are certain of the finish order then the watch times can be adjusted to fit these placings. 4

5. DETERMINATION OF RACE RESULTS WHEN AOE IS NOT USED Where manual times and majority placing are used referees will normally place by time unless they have sufficient doubt of the accuracy of placing by time to justify adjusting the finish order by using a majority placing. Where this is the case the real time of the fastest swimmer shall be used and adjustments of 1/100 th second used where necessary for conflicting places. 5

6. DETERMINATION OF RACE RESULTS WHEN AOE IS NOT USED This time shall be indicated as Referee’s Decision (RD) and cannot be used for British or English Record purposes. In adopting this method rather than averaging at least one swimmer i.e. the one with the fastest official time will retain a real time rather than a RD time 6

7. Example 1 Judge A15638742 Judge B51637842Majority Placings 15637842 Referee61534782 OFFICIAL RESULT LANE TIMES PLACE LANE TIME 1 00:57.16 1 2 00:59.30 2 3 00:57.89 3 4 00:58.36 4 5 00:57.145 6 00:57.17 6 7 00:58.39 7 8 00:58.35 8 7

8. Example 1 Judge A15638742 Judge B51637842Majority Placings 15637842 Referee61534782 OFFICIAL RESULT LANE TIMES PLACE LANE TIME 1 00:57.16 1 5 00:57.14 2 00:59.30 2100:57.16 3 00:57.89 36 00:57.17 4 00:58.36 43 00:57.89 5 00:57.145800:58.35 6 00:57.17 64 00:58.36 7 00:58.39 77 00:58.39 8 00:58.35 8200:59.30 8

9. Example 1 Judge A15638742 Judge B51637842Majority Placings 15637842 Referee61534782 OFFICIAL RESULT LANE TIMES PLACE LANE TIME 1 00:57.16 1 5 00:57.14 2 00:59.30 2100:57.16 3 00:57.89 36 00:57.17 4 00:58.36 43 00:57.89 5 00:57.145800:58.35 6 00:57.17 64 00:58.36 7 00:58.39 77 00:58.39 8 00:58.35 8200:59.30 With a matter of a few hundredths separating various lanes what evidence is there to determine that to place by times is not fair and accurate? 9

10. Example 2 Judge A15638742 Judge B51634782Majority Placings 51638742 Referee51638742 OFFICIAL RESULT LANE TIMES PLACE LANE TIME 1 00:57.16 1 2 00:59.30 2 3 00:58.91 3 4 00:58.32 4 5 00:57.105 6 00:57.17 6 7 00:58.347 8 00:58.31 8 10

11. Example 2 Judge A15638742 Judge B51634782Majority Placings 51638742 Referee51638742 OFFICIAL RESULT LANE TIMES PLACE LANE TIME 1 00:57.16 1 5 00:57.10 2 00:59.30 2100:57.16 3 00:58.91 36 00:57.17 4 00:58.32 43 5 00:57.105800:58.31 6 00:57.17 64 00:58.32 7 00:58.3477 00:58.34 8 00:58.31 8200:59.30 Both finish judges and the referee have placed lane 3 in 4 th position 11

12. Example 2 Judge A15638742 Judge B51634782Majority Placings 51638742 Referee51638742 OFFICIAL RESULT LANE TIMES PLACE LANE TIME 1 00:57.16 1 5 00:57.10 2 00:59.30 2100:57.16 3 00:58.91 36 00:57.17 4 00:58.32 43 00:58.30RD 5 00:57.105800:58.31 6 00:57.17 64 00:58.32 7 00:58.3477 00:58.34 8 00:58.31 8200:59.30 With a large discrepancy in the time for lane 3 It would be reasonable on this occasion to place them in 4 th position with a time 1/100 th faster than lane 8. 12

13. DETERMINATION OF RACE RESULTS WHEN AOE IS USED 13

14. In the event of failure of the AOE on one or more lanes use such placings and times that are available. The remaining competitors shall be placed in accordance with the laws regarding manual placings. The Referee decides on which manual times and placings will be used. The first times to be considered are usually those recorded by Semi-AOE. In the absence of a suitable Semi-AOE time, the times will be those recorded by the hand-held watches. Times recorded by the Semi-AOE shall be regarded as manual times and referees must take this into account when making their decision. 14

15. EXAMPLE 1 AOE RESULT: MANUAL RESULT: OFFICIAL RESULT: PLACE LANE TIME BACKUP PLACE LANE TIME PLACE LANE TIME 1 5 43.55 43.63 1 5 43.52 1 22 46.30 46.47 2 4 46.20 2 33 46.91 47.03 3 2 46.25 3 46 48.36 48.45 4 3 46.82 4 5 1 49.49 49.65 5 6 48.30 5 4 ……. 46.25 6 1 49.45 6 15

16. EXAMPLE 1 AOE RESULT: MANUAL RESULT: OFFICIAL RESULT: PLACE LANE TIME BACKUP PLACE LANE TIME PLACE LANE TIME 1 5 43.55 43.63 1 5 43.52 1 5 43.55 22 46.30 46.47 2 4 46.20 2 4 33 46.91 47.03 3 2 46.25 3 2 46.30 46 48.36 48.45 4 3 46.82 4 3 46.91 5 1 49.49 49.65 5 6 48.30 5 6 48.36 4 ……. 46.25 6 1 49.45 6 1 49.49 16

17. EXAMPLE 1 AOE RESULT: MANUAL RESULT: OFFICIAL RESULT: PLACE LANE TIME BACKUP PLACE LANE TIME PLACE LANE TIME 1 5 43.55 43.63 1 5 43.52 1 5 43.55 22 46.30 46.47 2 4 46.20 2 4 46.25 33 46.91 47.03 3 2 46.25 3 2 46.30 46 48.36 48.45 4 3 46.82 4 3 46.91 5 1 49.49 49.65 5 6 48.30 5 6 48.36 4 ……. 46.25 6 1 49.45 6 1 49.49 17

18. EXAMPLE 2 AOE RESULT: MANUAL RESULT: OFFICIAL RESULT: PLACE LANE TIME BACKUP PLACE LANE TIME PLACE LANE TIME 1 5 43.55 43.63 1 5 43.52 1 22 46.30 46.47 2 4 46.20 2 33 46.91 47.03 3 2 46.25 3 46 48.36 48.45 4 3 46.82 4 4....... 46.95 5 6 48.30 5 1 ……........ 6 1 49.45 6 18

19. EXAMPLE 2 AOE RESULT: MANUAL RESULT: OFFICIAL RESULT: PLACE LANE TIME BACKUP PLACE LANE TIME PLACE LANE TIME 1 5 43.55 43.63 1 5 43.52 1 5 43.55 22 46.30 46.47 2 4 46.20 2 4 33 46.91 47.03 3 2 46.25 3 2 46.30 46 48.36 48.45 4 3 46.82 4 3 46.91 4....... 46.95 5 6 48.30 5 6 48.36 1 ……........ 6 1 49.45 6 1 19

20. EXAMPLE 2 AOE RESULT: MANUAL RESULT: OFFICIAL RESULT: PLACE LANE TIME BACKUP PLACE LANE TIME PLACE LANE TIME 1 5 43.55 43.63 1 5 43.52 1 5 43.55 22 46.30 46.47 2 4 46.20 2 4 46.20 33 46.91 47.03 3 2 46.25 3 2 46.30 46 48.36 48.45 4 3 46.82 4 3 46.91 4....... 46.95 5 6 48.30 5 6 48.36 1 ……........ 6 1 49.45 6 1 20

21. EXAMPLE 2 AOE RESULT: MANUAL RESULT: OFFICIAL RESULT: PLACE LANE TIME BACKUP PLACE LANE TIME PLACE LANE TIME 1 5 43.55 43.63 1 5 43.52 1 5 43.55 22 46.30 46.47 2 4 46.20 2 4 46.20 33 46.91 47.03 3 2 46.25 3 2 46.30 46 48.36 48.45 4 3 46.82 4 3 46.91 4....... 46.95 5 6 48.30 5 6 48.36 1 ……........ 6 1 49.45 6 1 49.45 21

22. The relative placing and times of competitors who have AOE recorded places and times may not be changed. Where the AOE has not functioned correctly, should a suitable time not be available, the swimmer shall be awarded a time 0.01 either faster or slower than the swimmer with whom their time and placings conflict. This time shall be indicated as Referee’s Decision (RD) and cannot be used for British or English Record purposes. 22

23. AN ACCEPTED AOE TIME CAN NEVER BE CHANGED. If you are sure the equipment is faulty the time can be disregarded but it cannot be altered 23

24. Example AOE RESULT: MANUAL TIMES: OFFICIAL RESULT: PLACE LANE TIME BACKUP LANE TIME PLACE LANE TIME 1 4 1:05.57 1:05.63 4 1:05.44 1 2 2 1:06.16 1:06.26 2 1:06.22 2 3 5 1:06.89 1:06.99 5 1:06.80 3 4 6 1:07.24 1:07.29 6 1:07.34 4 5 1 1:07.38 1:07.46 1 1:07.32 5 3 -------- 1:06.92 3 1:06.89 6 Manual Placings: 4 3 2 5 1 6 One time keeper per lane and both finish judges and the referee are certain lane 3 was second 24

25. Example AOE RESULT: MANUAL TIMES: OFFICIAL RESULT: PLACE LANE TIME BACKUP LANE TIME PLACE LANE TIME 1 4 1:05.57 1:05.63 4 1:05.44 1 41:05.57 2 2 1:06.16 1:06.26 2 1:06.22 2 3 3 5 1:06.89 1:06.99 5 1:06.80 3 21:06.16 4 6 1:07.24 1:07.29 6 1:07.34 4 51:06.89 5 1 1:07.38 1:07.46 1 1:07.32 5 61:07.24 3 -------- 1:06.92 3 1:06.89 6 11:07.38 Manual Placings: 4 3 2 5 1 6 One time keeper per lane and both finish judges and the referee are certain lane 3 was second 25

26. Example AOE RESULT: MANUAL TIMES: OFFICIAL RESULT: PLACE LANE TIME BACKUP LANE TIME PLACE LANE TIME 1 4 1:05.57 1:05.63 4 1:05.44 1 4 1:05.57 2 2 1:06.16 1:06.26 2 1:06.22 2 3 1:06.15RD 3 5 1:06.89 1:06.99 5 1:06.80 3 21:06.16 4 6 1:07.24 1:07.29 6 1:07.34 4 51:06.89 5 1 1:07.38 1:07.46 1 1:07.32 5 61:07.24 3 -------- 1:06.92 3 1:06.89 6 11:07.38 Manual Placings: 4 3 2 5 1 6 One time keeper per lane and both finish judges and the referee are certain lane 3 was second 26

27. Manual time doesn’t fit Further clarification for when neither the Semi AOE or the watch time supports the accepted placings. 27

28. 1. If both the swimmer’s backup time and watch time are too slow to fit with the other pad times and placings, give him the time of 1/100 th faster than the swimmer immediately behind him in the placings. 2. If the swimmer’s backup time and watch time is too fast to fit with the pad times, give him the time of 1/100 th slower than the swimmer immediately in front of him in the placings. 28

29. Example 1 1. If both the swimmer’s backup time and watch time are too slow to fit with the other pad times and placings, give him the time 1/100 th faster than the swimmer immediately behind him in the placings. 3 rd Place with AOE Time44.20 4 th Place with Man Time only45.90(too slow) 5 th Place with AOE Time45.10 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 29

30. Example 1 1. If both the swimmer’s backup time and watch time are too slow to fit with the other pad times and placings, give him the time 1/100 th faster than the swimmer immediately behind him in the placings. 3 rd Place with AOE Time44.20 4 th Place with Man Time only45.90(too slow) 5 th Place with AOE Time45.10 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Give 4 th place swimmer the time:45.09 RD 30

31. Example 2 2. If the swimmer’s backup time is too fast to fit with the pad times, give him the time 1/100 th slower than the swimmer immediately in front of him in the placings. 3 rd Place with AOE Time44.20 4 th Place with Man Time only43.50(too fast) 5 th Place with AOE Time45.10 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 31

32. Example 2 2. If the swimmer’s backup time is too fast to fit with the pad times, give him the time 1/100 th slower than the swimmer immediately in front of him in the placings. 3 rd Place with AOE Time44.20 4 th Place with Man Time only43.50(too fast) 5 th Place with AOE Time45.10 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Give 4 th place swimmer the time:44.21 RD 32

33. No Time Available Where no time is available, the swimmer shall be given the time of 1/100 th faster than the next slowest swimmer. If the swimmer is last in the race, the Referee shall determine an acceptable time. This time shall be indicated as a Referee’s Decision (RD) and should not be used for English or British Record purposes, it may not be usable for other Record purposes, depending on the Record conditions. Alternatively, the swimmer may be offered the opportunity for an individual re-swim. 33

34. Regular Question in Exams There is no time for a lane and the finish judges and referee cannot place that lane. The swimmer needs a time for BAGCAT points etc. List three options. 1)Offer a re-swim 2)Obtain a time from the chief timekeeper, coach or parent 3)Establish a finish order using all information available and give the time 0.01 faster than the swimmer immediately behind the swimmer with no time. 34

35. Event 44200m Freestyle Lane 1Lane 2Lane 3Lane 4 50m37.5239.6637.1441.33 100m1.20.631.25.441.20.721.29.55 150m2.04.552.08.992.49.912.13.44 200m2.49.892.53.41-------2.59.77 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Result Place Lane Time Back up Manual 1 1 2.49.89 2.49.85 2.49.81 2 2 2.53.41 2.53.36 2.53.38 3 4 2.59.77 2.59.75 2.59.72 3 ------- 2.49.86 2.49.82 Manual Placings are: 3 1 2 4 35

36. Event 44200m Freestyle Lane 1Lane 2Lane 3Lane 4 50m37.5239.6637.1441.33 100m1.20.631.25.441.20.721.29.55 150m2.04.552.08.992.49.912.13.44 200m2.49.892.53.41-------2.59.77 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Official Result Place LaneTimeBack upManual 1 1 2.49.89 2 3 2.49.91 2.49.82 2.45.82 3 2 2.53.41 4 4 2.59.77 Time in race history is a valid AOE time 36