1. Long Baseline Neutrinos How we got here Nigel S. Lockyer Fermilab Open Meeting on Neutrinos 12/12/2014

2. European Strategy and P5 Report European Strategy supports neutrinos in US or Japan P5 report highly touted in US because of quality & focus Has received broad and strong community support…a prerequisite by DOE to move forward Subsequently, strong support from Secretary of Energy, Office of Science and Office of High Energy Physics 12/12/2014Fermilab Neutrino Open Meeting2

3. P5 Recommendation: 13 “Form a new international collaboration to design and execute a highly capable Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) hosted by the U.S. To proceed, a project plan and identified resources must exist to meet the minimum requirements in the text [of the report]. LBNF is the highest-priority large project in its timeframe.” P5’s Minimum Requirements for LBNF: –Exposure > 120 kt·MW·yr by 2035 timeframe –Underground far detector expandable to 40 kt LAr fiducial volume –1.2 MW beam power, upgradable to > 2MW –Capability to search for Supernovae and proton decay 12/12/2014Fermilab Neutrino Open Meeting3

4. P5 Recommendation….need for international “To address even the minimum requirements…the expertise and resources of the international community are needed… The activity should be reformulated under the auspices of a new international collaboration, as an internationally coordinated and internationally funded program, with Fermilab as host. There should be international participation in defining the program’s scope and capabilities. The experiment should be designed, constructed, and operated by the international collaboration.” 12/12/2014Fermilab Neutrino Open Meeting4

5. DOE Response (Siegrist) DOE interprets the P5 recommendations as meaning a comprehensive neutrino program should be supported with FNAL as the host for the keystone long-baseline project in the neutrino research portfolio. Effort should be supported to put the neutrino sector in both theory and experiment on as solid a foundation as the current collider program. This means significant research support will be needed to support studies of systematic effects impacting both short and long baseline measurements, possibilities for existence of sterile neutrinos need to be narrowed ( or steriles need to be discovered!) and a suite of complementary experiments needs to be pursued globally 12/12/2014Fermilab Neutrino Open Meeting5

6. Great Opportunity for worldwide neutrino community The US community and DOE are offering a superb opportunity for the worldwide neutrino community to design, construct and operate a world class long baseline neutrino program hosted by Fermilab Now is the timeframe to launch this initiative…with P5 plan and strong community support providing momentum 12/12/2014Fermilab Neutrino Open Meeting6

7. Long Baseline Neutrino…the process (1) June 16: CERN Science Policy Committee (SPC) presentation…US situation and plans post-P5 –Chairs of CERN Council & Finance Committee present CERN Medium-Term Plan (MTP) approved…5 year plan with next year’s budget defined –Aimed at neutrino platform to assist with program in US or Japan –Investment in infrastructure outside CERN allowed in principle –No funds for a CERN neutrino beam for at least 5 years June 21-22: APPEC Paris meeting…European neutrino physicists & funding agencies met to discuss future post-mTP “International neutrino meeting on large neutrino infrastructures" 12/12/2014Fermilab Neutrino Open Meeting7

8. Long Baseline neutrino…APPEC continued –World program represented (Asia, DOE, NSF, Europe) –Strong support for accelerator-based neutrinos in US & Japan –Next meeting at Fermilab in spring (combined APPEC & APPIC) “They [the funding agencies] support the vision of the HEPAP/P5 report to host an international facility for short and long-baseline neutrino oscillations at Fermilab, where internationally driven collaborations are encouraged to propose a program optimized in baseline and detector technology. This approach, in parallel with the decision of Fermilab to upgrade its beam infrastructure (PIP-II) gives the opportunity for a rich international neutrino program at Fermilab.” 12/12/2014Fermilab Neutrino Open Meeting8

9. ICFA Neutrino Panel to maximize the discovery potential - requires that the international neutrino community has timely access to a number of complementary and powerful facilities to ensure timely access to the necessary facilities it is necessary to exploit the infrastructures at CERN, JPARC and FNAL such that each region makes a unique and critically important contribution to the program 12/12/2014Fermilab Neutrino Open Meeting9

10. Long-Baseline Program Process (2) July 14: DOE Siegrist hosts meeting at Fermilab of funding agencies: UK, Italy, CERN, India, Brazil, Japan –Launched working group to develop international governance (Lykken Chair) –First draft to be presented at Dec 5 th CERN open neutrino meeting Fermilab calls together a subset of world neutrino leaders –July 21-22 “World Summit” (Long/Roser Co-Chairs) Form an interim International Board (iIEB) –first meeting at Fermilab September 23-24 Goal: form a new collaboration –Letter of Intent (LOI) to PAC for January meeting 14-16 –Conceptual Design Report (CDR) to PAC summer 2015 12/12/2014Fermilab Neutrino Open Meeting10

11. Interim International Executive Board (iIEB) Met in mid September Composition –~6 LBNE members, 6 LBNO members, 6 members from international community not affiliated with LBNE/O and representatives from 6 main funding sources (stakeholders) Two day Board-like meeting with decisions –Commitment to build a world class discovery based experiment –Sanford lab default baseline (until show-stopper found) –Aim to begin data taking ASAP….2024 timeframe –Primary detector technology is liquid argon Modular approach with 10 ktons underground in 2021 Agreed on LOI outline 12/12/2014Fermilab Neutrino Open Meeting11

12. Interim International Executive Board (2) –LOI drafted by Ken Long & Rob Roser distributed to collab –Terms of Reference for IIEB distributed –Minutes distributed Board phone meeting on October 20 th to discuss LOI, who should sign LOI and outcome of Sanford lab visit by LBNO Board phone meeting Nov 11 th to advance establishment of governance of newly formed collaboration –Interim Institutional Board Chair concept approved –Request names from iIEB and Chair selects –Writing group formed for enhancing Letter of Intent Two identical open meetings, one at CERN, December 5 th to review LOI, second meeting at Fermilab December 12 th On schedule: LOI to PAC in December 21 st 2015 12/12/2014Fermilab Neutrino Open Meeting12

13. Interim Institutional Board Chair Sergio Bertolucci has agreed to serve in this position Three roles: Present Letter of Intent to Fermilab January PAC Call the first “new collaboration” meeting for January 22-23, 2015 at Fermilab Lead/assist the discussion in forming the Governance of the new collaboration…being discussed by working group 12/12/2014Fermilab Neutrino Open Meeting13

14. Summary Great support from broader US particle physics community Strong support from DOE at all levels Fermilab fully invested OSTP offering help with international and process Strong support from CERN management and European funding agencies, INFN, STFC, …. Three working groups from iIEB –International Governance working group(Lykken) –LOI writing group (Ken Long/Rob Roser)anyone welcome to join –Collaboration governance (Chang Kee Jung, Stefan Soldner- Rembold) …anyone welcome to join Interim Institutional Board Chair selected (S. Bertolucci) LOI on target for December 21 to Fermilab PAC 12/12/2014Fermilab Neutrino Open Meeting14

15. Thank you