1. Napoleon’s Grand Empire

2. Congress of Vienna

3. Who: people that defeated Napoleon – Britain, Russia, Prussia (think “Germany”), Austria “Concert of Europe” – Leader: Prince Metternich (of Austria) What: return Europe to pre-Napoleon status – Restore kings to thrones – Eliminate any future revolutions Principle of Intervention – BOUNDARIES REDRAWN, TERRITORIES DIVIDED Congress of Vienna The driving question: how does the French Revolution lead to nationalism?

6. Crimean War Who: Russia vs. Ottomans Where: Balkan Peninsula, Crimean Peninsula Austria doesn’t support Russia, so Russia loses No more Concert of Europe  why is that a big deal?

7. Unification Italy Germany – Led by state of Prussia – Huge, powerful army – King William I  kaiser 2 nd Reich – Prime Minister Bismarck

8. Europe: West vs. East Western: more democratic Suffrage laws for all males Legislative bodies are elected – E.g., Parliament – Prime ministers responsible to Parliament Political parties forming Eastern: more authoritarian Germany – Bismarck keeps it from becoming a democracy – Emphasizes military strength Austria – One person calling the shots not parliament (Francis Joseph) Russia – An all-powerful czar (Nick II)