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WORLD WAR 1 THE GREAT WAR BEGINS Chapter 26.1. Europe on the Brink of War In 1914 Europe was on the brink of war. These tensions were the result of four.

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Presentation on theme: "WORLD WAR 1 THE GREAT WAR BEGINS Chapter 26.1. Europe on the Brink of War In 1914 Europe was on the brink of war. These tensions were the result of four."— Presentation transcript:

1 WORLD WAR 1 THE GREAT WAR BEGINS Chapter 26.1

2 Europe on the Brink of War In 1914 Europe was on the brink of war. These tensions were the result of four factors: Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, and Nationalism

3 Europe on the Brink of War Militarism  Most European countries had grown their military in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s to protect their overseas colonies from other nations.  Since most European countries had large armies it made them nervous of one another Alliances  So they formed alliances with one another to ease their fears of being attacked.  In the late 1800’s two alliances were formed Europe  Triple Alliance- Germany, Austria, Hungary, and Italy  Triple Entente- Great Britain, France, and Russia

4 Europe on the Brink of War Imperialism  European countries were on the quest to build empires which created rivalries between them.  Each wanted to be the largest empire Nationalism  Each person in Europe had a strong devotion to their country, national group, or culture.  New countries were formed because of it  Germany  Italy  The most visible power struggle was in the Balkan Peninsula  Many ethnic groups wanted to break away from the Ottoman Empire that had ruled them for hundred of years  Serbia was an independent state and wanted to expand it’s borders because many Serbs lived throughout the Balkan Peninsula.  Austria-Hungary wanted to prevent this from happening They believed Serbia expanding would cause revolts in A-H a place where many serbs lived

5 War Breaks Out Austria-Hungary ruled in Bosnia were many Serbs lived and had hoped to be united with Serbia Franz-Ferdinand the arch duke of Austria-Hungary decided to visit Bosnia on June 28 1914. Serbian Gavrilo Princip member of Black Hand- Serbian terrorist group opened fire and killed Franz- Ferdinand and his wife Sophie

6 War Breaks Out The Impact  Once Austria-Hungary found out a Serb killed their archduke they declare war on Serbia on July 28 th 1914  Even though Princip lived in Bosnia a country ruled but A-H  Russia prepared to fulfill their alliance with Serbia and protect them. (just send troops)  Russia had an alliance with Serbia because many Serbians lived in Russia  Germany saw Russia’s actions against A-H as a an act of war.  Germany and A-H had an alliance  They fulfilled their alliance with Austria-Hungary and declared was on Russia and on Russia’s allies France

7 War Breaks Out Fighting Begins  Germany faced war on the East from Russia and West on France  Schlieffen plan- German troops to quickly defeat France and then head east to fight Russia. Since Russia is so large it would take them a while to get to their western border  Germany began with a quick strike on France  They had to through Belgium to get to France even though it was a neutral state it was between Germany and France  This led Great Britain to declare war on Germany  GB saw Germany’s attack on a neutral state as an act of war against them  The two sides were all now in the war  Central Power- Austria-Hungary and Germany  Allied Powers- GB, France, Russia, and Serbia

8 Fighting in 1914 Early Battles  In August 1914 Germany fought GB and France in a series of battles called the Battle of the Frontier  Both sides lost many men  Germany won  While France was fighting Germany in the West Russia attacked Germany in the East in the Battle of Tannenberg  the Germans crushed the Russian invasion  However it distracted the Germany’s from fighting in the west and allowed the French some relief and time to regroup to begin their attack on Germany

9 Fighting in 1914 Trench Warfare Begins  In September 1914 the Battle of Marne, GB and France succeeded in pushing the Germans back near the eastern border of France.  After retreating the German dug trenches (ditched) along the Aisne river and waited for the Allied forces to come  They were able to keep them out because of the trenches  Allied forces dug their own trench  Even though many battles were fought their position did not change because of their trenches.  The deadlocked region in northern France became known as the Western Front.


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