1. FACTORS EFFECTING COST OF BUILDING ELEMENTS

2. INTRODUCTION
The detailed of each elements in the building also have implication on the total cost.
Several parts of elements
Substructure
Frame
Upper floors
Roofs
External walls
Internal walls and partitions
Window
Finishes

3. SUBSTRUCTURE
Soil, excavation plant can influence the time and cost of excavation cost.
The type and size of foundation are influence by:
Type of construction
Load bearing capacity of the soil
Type of soil
Topography of land

4. FRAME
The main function of the frame is to transfer the building load to the substructure.
The cost of frame is influenced by the size of the construction, height of the building, load it will bear and the column span aside.

5. FRAME The frame used will influence by : Small building
Multi-storey building
Materials
Maintenance
Type of frame
In-situ concrete frame
Precast concrete frame
Steel frame

6. UPPER FLOOR
Upper floor can be built either using timber or concrete. for timber floor construction, if the span is large the total cost will increase.
For concrete floor, depending on the type of use and the floor span. A solid insitu conrete is heavier than hollow pot floor
Hollow precast concrete floor is more expensive

7. ROOF Consist of pitch and flat roofs
Roof structure constructed from steel,concrete or timber
Complex roof shapes increase cost for valleys, hips,barge boards etc
ROOF COVERING
Type :Clay, slate, concrete, metal and combination of several synthetic materials.

8. ROOF ROOF COVERING Factors that influence cost: Plan shapes of roof
Use of pitch roof
Type of roof covering
Life span of building

9. EXTERNAL WALL Factors influence element cost: Shape of the building
Type and size of opening in a wall
Materials for the different type of external wall
if the consist of basement wall
Type of external cladding
Maintenance

10. INTERNAL WALL & PARTITIONS
Dry wall and Wet wall
Advantages using internal dry wall:
Reduction in cost and structure size due to reduction in dead load
Simpler design and detail due to reduction in load
Reduction in cost foe preliminary works due to reduction in cost of building works and saving in contract periods

11. WINDOW Type:timber,steel,aluminium,plastic, and stainless steel
Several factor that influence window cost:
Material used
Method of manufacturing
Performance in term of weatherproof, ventilation, and quality of manufacturing
Type of glass
Type of window

12. FINISHES Various type of finishes: Floor Wall Ceiling
The choice of finishes is depends on the class and type of building
Quality : high quality or low quality
Suspended ceiling is more expensive because of hanger, runners and others intallation support

13. FINISHES
Type for finishes for suspended ceiling is more expensive compared to in situ finishes (plaster and paint)

14. THANK YOU