1. affiliation wanting to be with others

2. levels of explanation genetic physiological learning cognitive social

3. genetic wired-in affiliation caused by other genetic factors

4. physiological dependent when born need everything late adulthood

5. learning reinforced by others –food, warmth, comfort, attention, games punished when alone –hungry, cold, uncomfortable

6. cognitive expect rewards when with others understand their roles

7. social comparison theory leon festinger evaluate by comparison learn by comparison compare to similar others compare when uncertain

8. predictions fear and uncertainty make afraid and uncertain increase affiliation

9. experiment more afraid or less afraid expect electric shock mild or painful wait alone or with others

10. results more afraid more affiliation

11. affiliate with whom? theory says similar others comparing with them more helpful too different tells you little

12. similar others others waiting for study others waiting for another study wait alone or together when afraid, prefer together but only with similar others

13. individual differences birth order first borns more external psychotherapy - not alcohol not fighter pilots

14. first borns and affiliation when afraid, first borns rely more on social comparison compare first and later borns effects mainly for first borns

15. WHAT MAKES IT SCIENTIFIC SYSTEMATIC COLLECTION OF DATA

16. DESCRIBE METHOD IN DETAIL DATA IS RECORDED CAREFULLY

17. UNSYSTEMATIC? UNREPRESENTATIVE BIASED NOTICING OR MEMORY BIASED PERCEPTION CANNOT BE REPEATED EXACTLY

18. SYSTEMATIC REMOVES BIASES CAN BE EVALUATED CAN BE REPEATED

19. METHODS OF RESEARCH

20. WAYS OF COLLECTING DATA OBSERVATION ASKING BEHAVIOR ARCHIVE

21. TYPES OF RESEARCH OBSERVATIONAL - DESCRIPTIVE CORRELATIONAL EXPERIMENTAL

22. OBSERVATIONAL ANIMAL BEHAVIOR MAINLY DESCRIBE RATES AND TYPES OF BEHAVIOR NOT CAUSATION

23. CORRELATIONAL WHAT GOES WITH WHAT? A GOES WITH B

24. POSITIVE CORRELATION

25. NEGATIVE CORRELATION

26. NO CORRELATION

27. TV VIOLENCE AGGRESSION AGGRESSION TV VIOLENCE TV VIOLENCE FACTOR C AGGRESSION

28. FACTOR C???? AGGRESSIVE PERSONALITY LATCHKEY KIDS, SINGLE PARENTS AGGRESSIVE PARENTS ????

29. EXPERIMENTS TWO OR MORE CONDITIONS PREFERABLY QUITE SIMILAR INDEPENDENT VARIABLE(S) DEPENDENT VARIABLE (S) RANDOM ASSIGNMENT

30. WHY SO GREAT? CAUSALITY