1. Nutrition, Weight Management & Eating Behaviors

2. Nutrition & Weight Management Calories (kilocalories) a unit to measure energy: the heat energy found in the food that we eat and the energy that the body burns. Where do they come from? – Carbs, fats, protein found in food. (4,9,4) – Portion size – The way that food is prepared 3500 calories = 1 pound of body fat.

3. How many calories should I have? Depends on: – Activity level – Gender Male 16 yrs. of age 3,000 Female 16 yrs. of age 2,300 Minimum caloric intake is 14- 1600 calories – Rate of growth – Age – Basal metabolic rate: The rate at which the body burns calories/energy at a state of rest. BMR varies from person to person.

4. How to manage weight? The keys: – Calories burned must equal calories consumed – Taking in fewer calories will result in wt. loss – Taking in more calories than burned will result in wt. gain. – Example: 500 calories/day x 7 = 3500

5. Body fat vs. Body weight Overweight-being 10% over one’s ideal weight Obesity-having excess adipose tissue Body Composition-what our body is like in comparison to muscle and fat. This is a better indicator of one’s fitness level. – Muscle weighs more than fat How does this relate to people who are overweight or obese?

6. Obesity can lead to: Strains the body frame Increase the work load of the heart and lungs Hypertension Diabetes (type II) Hi Cholesterol Atherosclerosis Some cancers Sedentary lifestyle Self-esteem & social issues Eating disorders

7. The other end of the spectrum: Underweight: Being 10% or lower than the ideal weight according to height. Under nutrition: Not consuming enough nutrients or calories for normal body function. May lead to: – Little energy reserve – Harder to fight infection – Anemia (lack of red blood cells in blood) – Loss of hair

8. Body Mass Index or BMI Ratio of height to weight Used to assess healthy body weight Check table on p. 198 What is your BMI number? BMI=weight\ht. in inches\ht. in inches x 703 – Example: 200 \70 \70 x 703 =28 People who should not use BMI: Weight lifters Football players Pregnant women

9. Physical activity and weight management: Why? Burns calories faster and promotes fat loss Tones and builds muscle mass Promotes normal appetite response Relieves stress Helps increase the BMR Increases self esteem

10. Eating Disorders: Both male and female disorder roughly 10% male and 90% female. Anorexia Nervosa: irrational fear of becoming obese resulting in severe weight loss from self induced starvation. Anorexia- without appetite Nervosa- nervous origin Contributors to eating disorders are: – Self concept/self esteem – Inability to cope – Traumatic events Assaults Abuse Relationship issues – Feeling out of control

11. Characteristics of eating disorders: Outside pressures: – (control) – High expectations The need to achieve Best of…. Perfection… The need to be accepted. Behavioral & emotional characteristics: Low caloric intake Unnatural interest in food Distorted body image Denial of eating problem

12. Signs and symptoms: (physiological) Extreme weight loss Constipation Hormonal changes Heart damage Impaired immune function Decrease in heart rate Menstrual cycle may stop due to low body fat osteoporosis

13. Bulimia Nervosa Bulimia: cycles of over eating followed by sort of purging or cleaning out of the digestive tract. Contributors to Bulimia: – Secretive – They typically know they have a problem – Desire to become and be thin, attractive, physically perfect

14. Signs and symptoms: (physiological) Dehydration Kidney damage Irregular heart beat Erodes tooth enamel Tooth decay Damage tissues to stomach and throat.

15. Others: Binge eating: frequent binge eating but no purging. Eating disorders that are not specified. Many teens are thought to have disordered eating habits but do not fit into a specific eating disorder.