1. Electroencephalogram (EEG) Salahaddin University-Erbil College of Science, Physics Dept., Medical Branch, 3rd Stage MSc Abdulrahman MSc Hemn BSc Karzan April 18, 2016

2. Outline  Some brain facts  The human brain – Basic anatomy  The brain lobes  EEG

3. The brain facts  The brain is one of the largest and most complex organs in the human body.  It is made up of more than 100 billion nerve cells – grey matter  It contains billions of nerve fibers (axons and dendrites) — white matter  It is divided in to 4 lobes  Its about 1.5 Kg  The brain makes up about 2% of a human's body weight  It can require up to 20 percent of the body's energy

4. Anatomy of the human brain

5. The brain lobes  The frontal lobe  The parietal lobe  The temporal lobe  The occipital lobe

6. The frontal lobe  The area at the front of the brain, behind the forehead.  The frontal lobes are responsible for voluntary movement (movement you decide you want to do, for example, walking and talking), conscious thought (for example, deciding you want a cup of tea), learning, speech and your personality.

7. The parietal lobe  The area of the brain at the top of your head behind your frontal lobes.  The parietal lobes control how we feel and understand sensations.  They also control how we judge spatial relationships (such as the distance between two objects), our coordination and our ability to read, write and do maths..

8. The temporal lobe  The areas of the brain at the side of the head, above your ears.  The temporal lobes are responsible for making memories and remembering, and emotions (such as feeling happy or sad).  They are also involved in speech, hearing and perception (how we see the world around us).

9. The occipital lobe  The area at the back of the brain: at the back of your head.  The occipital lobes are responsible for our sense of sight: receiving information from our eyes and translating it into what we see around us

10. Neurological Diagnostic Tests  Brainstem Auditory Evoked Response (BAER) Test  Computed tomography (CT or CAT scan)  Discography  Doppler ultrasound  Electroencephalogram (EEG)  Lumbar Puncture (Spinal Tap)  Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

11. Electroencephalogram (EEG)  Monitors brain activity through the skull.  EEG is used to help diagnose: −Seizure disorders −Brain tumors −Brain damage from head injuries, −Inflammation of the brain and/or spinal cord, −Certain psychiatric disorders −Evaluate sleep disorders, −Confirm brain death.

15. The brain waves 1) Gamma waves 2) Beta waves 3) Alpha waves 4) Theta waves 5) Delta waves

16. Gamma waves Beta waves Alpha waves Theta waves Delta waves

17. Gamma waves  Highly attentive state of consciousness  Frequency range: 40 Hz to 100 Hz (Highest)  Too much: Anxiety, stress  Too little: ADHD, depression, learning disabilities  Optimal: Binding senses, cognition, information processing, learning, perception  Increase gamma waves: Meditation

18. Beta waves  Fully awake  Frequency range: 12 Hz to 40 Hz (High)  Too much: Adrenaline, anxiety, inability to relax, stress  Too little: ADHD, daydreaming, depression, poor cognition  Optimal: Conscious focus, memory, problem solving  Increase beta waves: Coffee, energy drinks

19. Alpha waves  Deeply relaxed  Frequency range: 8 Hz to 12 Hz (Moderate)  Too much: Daydreaming, inability to focus, too relaxed  Too little: Anxiety, high stress  Optimal: Relaxation  Increase alpha waves: Alcohol, marijuana, relaxants, some antidepressants

20. Theta waves  Light sleep (unconscious)  Frequency range: 4 Hz to 8 Hz (Slow)  Too much: ADHD, depression, hyperactivity, impulsivity, inattentiveness  Too little: Anxiety, poor emotional awareness, stress  Optimal: Creativity, emotional connection, relaxation  Increase theta waves: Depressants

21. Delta waves  Deeply unconscious (Dreaming)  Frequency range: 0 Hz to 4 Hz (Slowest)  Too much: Brain injuries, learning problems, inability to think, severe ADHD  Too little: Inability to rejuvenate body, inability to revitalize the brain, poor sleep  Optimal: Immune system, natural healing, restorative / deep sleep  Increase delta waves: Depressants, sleep

22. Thanks