2. Bioenergy Basics 101

3. Biobenefits Check Your Source Fueling the Future From Field To Pump The Raw Materials Fun in the Sun 500 400 300 200 100 500 400 300 200 100 500 400 300 200 100 500 400 300 200 100 500 400 300 200 100 500 400 300 200 100

4. The process in plants where light energy is converted to chemical energy is referred to as. Answer Return to Main Board

5. Photosynthesis Return to Main Board

6. These are the three things that are required for photosynthesis to proceed. Answer Return to Main Board

7. Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), light energy, and water Return to Main Board

8. These are the two end products of photosynthesis. Answer Return to Main Board

9. Oxygen and sugar (i.e., glucose) Return to Main Board

10. This is a complex sugar compound that is used to store future energy needs or to build new tissues, and is created from excess glucose from photosynthesis. It is also the most common carbohydrate in the human diet. Answer Return to Main Board

11. Starch Return to Main Board

12. This organic compound is the main component of plant cell walls, providing structural support and preventing cell damage. Answer Return to Main Board

13. Cellulose Return to Main Board

14. is an energy resource derived from organic (especially plant-and algae-based) material that can be converted to fuels, chemicals, or power. Answer Return to Main Board

15. Biomass Return to Main Board

16. These are a diverse group of primarily aquatic organisms that lack true roots, stems, and leaves, and can turn sunlight into energy through photosynthesis. Answer Return to Main Board

17. Algae Return to Main Board

18. The energy stored in biomass can be released to produce what three forms of usable energy? Answer Return to Main Board

19. Electricity, thermal energy (heat), and transportation fuels Return to Main Board

20. First-generation biofuels are produced from these types of biomass. Answer Return to Main Board

21. Feed crops, food crops (e.g., corn) and vegetable or animal fats and oils Return to Main Board

22. Second-generation/advanced biofuels are produced from these types of biomass. Answer Return to Main Board

23. Non-food/feed/fiber biomass (e.g., corn stover, perennial grasses, forest residues, and algae) Return to Main Board

24. Ethanol is a renewable fuel made from this class of macromolecules that contain sugars and starch. Answer Return to Main Board

25. Carbohydrates Return to Main Board

26. Biodiesel is a renewable fuel that can be manufactured from plant or animal-based fats and oils. Oils and fats are considered this class of macromolecules. Answer Return to Main Board

27. Lipids Return to Main Board

28. This is the process carried out by yeast in which simple sugars are converted to ethanol and carbon dioxide. Answer Return to Main Board

29. Fermentation Return to Main Board

30. Cellulase, which breaks down cellulose molecules into simple sugars, is an example of this class of protein that accelerates chemical reactions. Answer Return to Main Board

31. Enzymes Return to Main Board

32. Renewable gasoline, jet fuels, and diesel fuels are composed primarily of molecules containing atoms of hydrogen and carbon, which are classified as this type of compound. Answer Return to Main Board

33. Hydrocarbons Return to Main Board

34. What is the end product when biomass is converted directly into a liquid fuel. Answer Return to Main Board

35. Biofuel Return to Main Board

36. Ethanol is typically mixed with this type of transportation fuel in blends of E10, E15, or E85 (depending on the percentage of ethanol). Answer Return to Main Board

37. Gasoline Return to Main Board

38. These are the two most common types of biofuels used in the United States today. Answer Return to Main Board

39. Ethanol and Biodiesel Return to Main Board

40. E85 is an ethanol blend that can only be used in this type of vehicle, which is designed to tolerate the fuel's high ethanol content and standard gasoline, interchangeably. Answer Return to Main Board

41. Flexible Fuel Vehicle Return to Main Board

42. Another name for biomass-derived renewable hydrocarbon fuels that are compatible with existing cars, trucks, jets, and infrastructure, and serve as a direct replacement for petroleum-derived gasoline, jet fuels, and diesel fuels. Answer Return to Main Board

43. “Drop-in” fuels Return to Main Board

44. In the United States, this is the most widely used energy resource for transportation. Answer Return to Main Board

45. Petroleum Return to Main Board

46. Biomass is this type of energy source as it can be replaced naturally and used again. Answer Return to Main Board

47. Renewable Return to Main Board

48. Coal, petroleum, and natural gas are considered this type of resource as their supplies are finite. Answer Return to Main Board

49. A non-renewable resource, or fossil fuel Return to Main Board

50. This sector of the U.S. economy consumes most of the nation’s petroleum. Answer Return to Main Board

51. Transportation Return to Main Board

52. In 2015, renewable energy sources (all sectors) accounted for about of total U.S. energy consumption. Answer Return to Main Board

53. Approximately 10% See the Energy Information Administration’s Primary Energy Consumption by Source and Sector Return to Main Board

54. The term that is used to describe a gradual increase in the average temperature of the earth's atmosphere (and can lead to changes in global climate patterns). Answer Return to Main Board

55. Global warming Return to Main Board

56. Using biofuels can reduce life-cycle ______ emissions. This is a type of gas that traps heat in the atmosphere. Answer Return to Main Board

57. Greenhouse gas Return to Main Board

58. This is the primary or most abundant greenhouse gas that is contributing to recent climate change. Answer Return to Main Board

59. Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) Return to Main Board

60. This is what is referred to as “the ability to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs,” or “the ability to maintain biodiversity, renewability, and resource productivity in an ecosystem over time.” Answer Return to Main Board

61. Sustainability Return to Main Board

62. Diverting waste from landfills to use in bioenergy production reduces total emissions of this gas and reduces the size of landfills. Answer Return to Main Board

63. Methane Return to Main Board