1. Superficial face and scalp
Bony framework – the skull
Glands and muscles of facial expression
Innervation somatic sensory somatic motor parasympathetic sympathetic
Arteries and veins

2. TEMPORAL (squamous part) FRONTAL
coronal suture
PARIETAL
temporal line
pterion
TEMPORAL (squamous part)
FRONTAL
lambdoid suture
LACRIMAL
NASAL
OCCIPITAL
infraorbital foramen
(major V2 exit)
SPHENOID
ZYGOMATIC
MAXILLA
external auditory
meatus
mastoid process
mental foramen (major V3 exit)
MANDIBLE

3. Anterior view of the skull
supraorbital foramen/
notch (major V1 exit)
SPHENOID
ZYGOMATIC
MAXILLA
infraorbital foramen
(major V2 exit)
mental foramen
(major V3 exit)

4. Ventral view of the skull
MAXILLA
ZYGOMATIC
PALATINE
SPHENOID
VOMER
foramen ovale (V3 exit)
foramen lacerum
foramen spinosum
styloid process
carotid canal
jugular foramen
stylomastoid foramen
(CN VII exit)
foramen magnum
OCCIPITAL

5. Upper and lower dentition
incisors
canine
premolars
molars

6. frontonasal process
maxillary process
mandibular process

7. Somatic sensory innervation of the face: Trigeminal nerve (CN V)
supratrochlear nerve
supraorbital nerve
dorsal rami of
cervical spinal
nerves
Ophthalmic division (V1)
infraorbital nerve
auriculotemporal nerve
Maxillary division (V2)
buccal nerve
Mandibular division (V3)
branches from cervical plexus
mental nerve

8. Muscles of facial expression (somatic motor, CN VII)
frontalis
orbicularis oculi
levator labii superioris
zygomaticus minor
zygomaticus major
orbicularis oris
depressor anguli oris
depressor labii inferioris
mentalis
platysma

9. Facial nerve: pathway for somatic motor branches to muscles of facial expression
stylomastoid foramen
(CN VII exit)

10. To Zanzibar By Motor Car Temporal branches Zygomatic branch
posterior auricular branch
Buccal branch
parotid gland
facial nerve
emerging from
stylomastoid foramen
Mandibular branch
Cervical branch
The facial nerve runs through, but does not control, the parotid gland. Parasympathetic innervation originates in the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) and follows a complex path to reach the gland.

11. epicranial aponeurosis
frontalis
occipitalis

12. epicranial aponeurosis
(galea aponeurotica)
Skin
Connective tissue
Aponeurosis
Loose connective tissue
Pericranium
frontal belly
occipital belly

13. Innervation of face and scalp
Somatic motor
to muscles of facial expression
Somatic sensory
to skin and conjunctiva
Visceral motor (autonomics)
parasympathetics
to parotid gland
sympathetics
to blood vessels, arrector pili mm., sweat glands
postganglionic axons from superior cervical ganglion, follow arteries to targets

15. Parotid gland and duct parotid duct orbicularis oris Parotid gland
buccinator
masseter

16. Parotid gland and duct
parotid papilla
buccinator
parotid duct

17. supratrochlear arteries
Superficial arteries of face and scalp
supraorbital and
supratrochlear arteries
superficial temporal artery
angular artery
occipital artery
transverse facial artery
facial artery
external carotid artery

18. Superficial arteries of face and scalp
from external carotid:
from internal carotid:
supratrochlear artery
superficial temporal artery
supraorbital artery
facial artery

19. Superficial veins of face and scalp
supraorbital and
supratrochlear veins
superficial temporal vein
angular vein
transverse facial vein
facial vein
external jugular vein (cut)
retromandibular vein

20. SUPERFICIAL FACE AND SCALP -- REVIEW
- skull
- muscles of facial expression
- innervation
somatic motor
CN VII to muscles of facial expression
somatic sensory
CN V to face and most of the sides
and top of the head, cervical spinal
nn. to sides and back of the head
parasympathetic
CN IX to the parotid gland
sympathetic
postganglionics from superior cervical
ganglion to skin and arteries
- blood supply & return
external and internal carotid aa.
external and internal jugular vv.

21. 7/14/2015 Superficial Face, Scalp: Dissector pp , Prepare for craniotomies at end of day: reflect scalp
Skull:
All bones and structures on pp 219 – 221, 226
Bodies:
Platysma, parotid duct, parotid gland, temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular and cervical branches of facial nerve, parotid plexus, masseter, buccinator, buccal branch (CN VII), buccal nerve (part of CN V3), facial artery and vein, superior and inferior labial arteries, orbicularis oculi with orbital and palpebral parts, levator labii superioris, zygomaticus major, orbicularis oris, buccinator, depressor anguli oris, supraorbital, infraorbital and mental neurovascular bundles (no need to distinguish artery, vein and nerve) (222 – 225)
External jugular vein, maxillary artery and vein, superficial temporal artery, external carotid artery, posterior belly of digastric, stylohyoid, sternocleidomastoid (227)
Frontal belly of occipitofrontalis (= frontalis), temporalis (229)