1. Tooth Morphology
By Dr Rao

2. Anterior permanent teeth
Anterior Permanent Dentition
There are 12 anterior teeth in the permanent dentition
Six in each dental arch.
Include central incisors, lateral incisors, and canines.
Central incisors are closest to the midline
Lateral incisors are the second teeth from the midline
Canines are the third teeth from the midline
All anterior teeth are succedaneous teeth, replacing primary teeth of the same type
Anterior permanent teeth

3. Maxillary Central Incisor
Characteristics of Permanent Anterior Teeth:
All anterior teeth have a cingulum,
a rounded, raised area on the cervical third of the lingual surface.
The cingulum corresponds to the lingual developmental lobe.
The lingual surface on anterior teeth has rounded, raised borders on the mesial and distal surfaces called marginal ridges.
Some anterior teeth have a fossa, which is a wide, shallow depression on the lingual surface
Maxillary Central Incisor

4. Lateral incisors Characteristics of Permanent Anterior Teeth:
Maxillary Lateral Incisors:
The maxillary lateral incisors are distal to central and are smaller than the central incisors in all dimensions
They usually erupt after the maxillary central incisors.
They have single root that is relatively smooth and straight but may curve slightly to the distal
Most common congenitally missing tooth other than wisdom teeth
Lateral incisors

5. Mandibular Incisors Characteristics of Permanent Anterior Teeth:
Mandibular Permanent Incisors:
The permanent mandibular incisors are the smallest teeth of the permanent dentition and the most symmetrical.
The central and lateral incisors of the mandibular arch resemble each other.
Generally, the lateral incisor is larger than the central incisor which is opposite of maxillary arch.
Mandibular Incisors

6. Permanent canines Characteristics of Permanent Anterior Teeth:
The permanent canines are the four anterior teeth located at the corners of each quadrant for each dental arch.
The permanent canines are the longest teeth in the dentition.
Mesial slope is shorter than distal. This large root is externally manifested by the bony vertical ridge called the canine eminence.
Patients commonly call the canines or cuspids their “eyeteeth.” or fangs
the lingual surface of the crown of the mandibular canines is smoother than that of the maxillary canines and has a less developed cingulum and two marginal ridges.
Permanent canines

7. Permanent posterior teeth
The Permanent posterior teeth include:--
1) the premolars and
2) molars.
The crown of each posterior tooth has an occlusal surface, bordered distally and mesially by marginal ridges.
The occlusal surfaces have two or more cusps. Imagine each cusp as a mountain with sloping areas, or cusp ridges.
The occlusal surfaces on permanent posterior teeth have pit and groove patterns that make them susceptible to caries (decay).
Permanent posterior teeth

8. Maxillary 1st premolar Maxillary First Premolars
A maxillary first premolar is larger than a maxillary second premolar.
Each maxillary first premolar has two cusps (buccal and lingual) and two roots (facial and lingual).
Both maxillary premolars erupt earlier than the mandibular premolars
Maxillary 1st premolar

9. Maxillary 2nd premolar The Maxillary second premolar
This tooth has one root , 2 cusps.
The lingual cusp is larger than buccal.
Cusps are not sharp
The 2nd premolar is wider buccolingually than mesiodistally
Maxillary 2nd premolar

10. Differences between first and second Maxillary premolars
Differences Between first and second Premolars
The cusps are more equal in length on the second premolar.
The lingual cusp on maxillary second premolar is slightly shorter but not as short as the cusp on the maxillary first premolar.
The mesiobuccal cusp slope is shorter than the distobuccal cusp slope on the second premolar.
The cusps of the secondary premolar are not as sharp as those of the maxillary first premolar.
The second premolar has only one root and one root canal.
The second premolar has a slight depression on the mesial root.
The second premolar is wider buccolingually than mesiodistally.

11. Mandibular canines The Mandibular canine
This is the tooth located distally (away from the midline of the face) from both lateral incisors but mesially (toward the midline of the face) from first premolars.
Both the maxillary and mandibular canines are called the "cornerstone" of the mouth because they are all located three teeth away from the midline.
The location of the canines reflect their dual function as they complement both the premolars and incisors during Mastication, commonly known as chewing.
The canine teeth are able to withstand the tremendous lateral pressures from chewing.
There is a single cusp on canines.
The mandibular and maxillary canines are the longest teeth in the mouth.
The root of the mandibular canine, which is fully formed by age 13, is the longest in the mandibular arch.
The mandibular canines are slightly narrower than the maxillary canines but its crown is as long and sometimes is longer.
The mandibular canines usually have only one root, but sometimes the root may be bifurcated, or have two roots. When it does, one root faces the tongue (lingual side) and one will face the lip (labial side).

12. Mandibular 1st premolar
Mandibular First Premolars
The mandibular first premolars have a long and well-formed buccal cusp and a small, nonfunctioning lingual cusp.
The lingual cusp is like cingulum.
The mandibular first premolars are smaller and shorter than the mandibular second premolars.
Mandibular 1st premolar

13. Mandibular 2nd premolar
Mandibular Second Premolars
The permanent mandibular second premolars erupt distal to the mandibular first premolars.
They are the succedaneous replacements for the primary mandibular second molars.
There are two forms of the mandibular second premolar:
• Three-cusp type, or tricuspidate form
• Two-cusp type, or bicuspidate form
Mandibular 2nd premolar

14. Permanent maxillary molars and Maxillary 1st molar
Permanent Molars
They grinding or chewing food.
There are three types of molars: the first molar, second molar, and third molar.
The first and second molars are also called the 6- year and 12-year molars denoted by eruption ages.
Maxillary First Molars
The maxillary first molars are the first permanent teeth to erupt into the maxillary arch.
The maxillary first molar is the largest tooth in the maxillary arch
It also has the largest crown in the permanent dentition.
This molar is composed of five developmental lobes, two buccal and three lingual. The fifth cusp is called the Cusp of Carabelli.

15. Maxillary 2nd molars Maxillary Second Molars
The crown is somewhat shorter than that of the first molar
The maxillary second molar usually has four cusps. No fifth cusp is present.
There are three roots and are smaller than roots of the first molars.
The lingual root is still the largest and longest.
The buccal groove is located farther distally on the buccal surface of the second than the first maxillary molar.
It can also have very small distolingual cusp
Maxillary 2nd molars

16. Maxillary 3rd Molar Maxillary Third Molars
The maxillary third molars the crown is smaller.
The roots usually are shorter.
The roots of this tooth tend to fuse, and the result is a single, tapered root.
People sometimes refer to this tooth as the “wisdom” tooth.
They are irregular in shape
Maxillary 3rd Molar

17. Mandibular Molars Mandibular Molars
The mandibular molars erupt 6 months to 1 year before permanent maxillary molars.
The crown of mandibular molars have four or five major cusps, there are always two lingual cusps of about the same width and 2 or 3 buccal cusp.
All mandibular molars are wider mesiodistally than buccolingually.
They have 2 roots--- tooth with two roots is referred to as bifurcated, which means divided into two. They are-- Mesial and distal.
Mandibular 1st molars have 5 cusps.
Mandibular 2nd molar has 4 cusps and is smaller then 1st molar and it also has 2 roots .

18. Diff views of teeth

19. Primary teeth The Primary Dentition
There are 20 primary teeth, 10 per dental arch.
These teeth include incisors, canines, and molars.
The primary teeth are numbered in the Universal Tooth Numbering System by using the capital letters A through T.
The primary teeth are smaller overall.
They have whiter enamel than the permanent teeth.
The crown of any primary tooth is short in relation to its total length.
The crowns are narrower at the CEJ.
They have large pulp and high pulp horns thick dentin and this enamel, they have no mammelons.
Just remember the opera lady
Primary teeth

20. Deciduous Teeth

21. Decidous numbering