1. SPED 417/517 Atypical Sensory and Motor Development

2. Muscle tone is abnormal Primitive reflexes persist Postural control and movement are difficult Positioning and handling problems lead to orthopedic problems Functional skill development is interrupted Atypical Sensory-Motor Development

3. Creating interventions based on sensory qualities Creating interventions based on motor qualities Sensory-Motor Interventions

4. Neurodevelopmental Sensory Integrative Behavioral Cognitive Developmental Adaptive approaches Other –Joint mobilization –Myofacial release techniques –Craniosacral therapy Frames of Reference

5. Westling & Fox Chapter 13 Atypical sensory responses –Limited experience with touch input leading to tactile defensiveness –Inappropriate proprioceptive input due to tone differences impacting movement –Difficulty processing vestibular input leading to difficulty with position changes –Restricted diets interfere in taste experiences leading to resistance with tastes and smells Intervention techniques –Modify sensory inputs from environment –Provide sensory inputs as needed

6. Westling & Fox Chapter 13 Abnormal muscle tone –Affects ability to produce controlled muscle contractions –Interferes in posture and movement Intervention techniques –Inhibition and facilitation –Environment and physiology medication environmental visual & auditory inputs interactions fatigue & mood

7. Westling & Fox Chapter 13 Primitive reflexes –Asymmetrical tonic neck reflex (ATNR) –Symmetrical tonic neck reflex (STNR) –Tonic labyrinthine reflex (TLR) Intervention techniques –avoid positions which trigger response –facilitate opposing postures –normalize tone

8. Westling & Fox Chapter 13 Posture and movement –Cycle of development of abnormal movement Tone difference Difficulty sustaining body alignment Proximal adjustments Compensatory movement patterns Stereotypical posture & movement Change in muscle length Orthopedic changes

9. Westling & Fox Chapter 13 Intervention techniques –Positioning Remedial Compensatory –Handling Normalizing tone Facilitating normal postures

10. Atypical Development Prone Supine Sitting Standing Walking All-fours Oral-motor Upper body General mobility

11. Tone Quality Quantity Development of prone

12. increased, decreased, fluctuating tone fluidity, efficiency, effort alignment, adaptability Dysfunction

13. limited sleeping positions decreased play options limit development of trunk control interfere with mobility development Affected life tasks

14. Tone Quality Quantity Development of supine

15. increased, decreased, fluctuating tone fluidity, efficiency, effort alignment, adaptability Dysfunction

16. limited sleeping options decreased play positions limited opportunity for use of hands interferes with development of general mobility Affected life tasks

17. Tone Quality Quantity sitting

18. increased, decreased, fluctuating tone fluidity, efficiency, effort alignment, adaptability Dysfunction

19. decreased overall independence limited play options interferes with daily cares impacts social interactions interferes with development of attention and learning Affected life tasks

20. Tone Quality Quantity Standing

21. increased, decreased, fluctuating tone fluidity, efficiency, effort alignment, adaptability Dysfunction

22. decreased overall independence limits mobility preparation decreases access to environment impacts growth and development Affected life tasks

23. Tone Quality Quantity walking

24. increased, decreased, fluctuating tone fluidity, efficiency, effort alignment, adaptability Dysfunction

25. limits overall independence in daily tasks decreased mobility limits play options interferes with personal interaction lack of exploration Affected life tasks

26. Tone Quality Quantity all-fours

27. increased, decreased, fluctuating tone fluidity, efficiency, effort alignment, adaptability Dysfunction

28. impacts development of postural control decrease mobility limits play options limits exploration limits sensory opportunities Affected life tasks

29. Tone Quality Quantity oral-motor

30. increased, decreased, fluctuating tone fluidity, efficiency, effort alignment, adaptability Dysfunction

31. impacts daily nutrition interferes with sensory exploration impacts development of communication affects personality and social interactions Affected life tasks

32. Tone Quality Quantity upper body

33. increased, decreased, fluctuating tone fluidity, efficiency, effort alignment, adaptability Dysfunction

34. lack of exploration of environment decreased dexterity and bilateral control limits play skills and learning potential interferes with daily life tasks Affected life tasks

35. Tone Quality Quantity general mobility

36. increased, decreased, fluctuating tone fluidity, efficiency, effort alignment, adaptability Dysfunction

37. affects independence interferes with play skills limits exploration of environment limits transitions impacts development of postural control Affected life tasks

39. Consider routine task How does difference in tone affect task? How does quality of movement affect task? How does quantity of movement options affect task? Application