1. Ancient Rome 1000 BCE-284 CE

2. The Roman Republic Representative Democracy-Elect people to make political decisons Etruscan influence-advanced group of artists, builders and sailors Introduced a writing system to the Romans-basis of Latin Alphabet Paved streets Building using stone arches From kingdom to republic 509 BCE, Romans overthrew the Etruscan kings and formed a republic Created a Senate and citizen’s assembly-Patricians(wealthy aristocrats) and Plebeians (all remain citizens) Roman Law-Twelve Tables 450 BCE Written Laws

3. Rome Becomes an Empire 200s and 100s BCE Rome fought main rival Carthage Punic Wars-Rome destroyed Carthage, becomes superior power in the Mediterranean region 100 BCE, after several revolts dictators took over Beginnings of Empire 50s BCE, Julius Caesar-conquers Gaul, invades Italy and made himself sole ruler of Rome and it’s territories-loved by the people Hoping to restore the republic Caesar is assassinated by Senators “Ides of March” Nephew Octavian took the name Augustus, punished the assassins, became the 1 st Roman emperor in 27 BCE.

4. The Empire Unifies (becomes one) Under Augustus: Pax Romana (Roman peace) for 200 years. Set up colonies that people migrated to. Roman law spread throughout the empire Roman roads connected the empire and made trade easier. Gained wealth through trade and tributes-a type of taxation- paid by provinces Romans learned Latin and Greek

5. Life in Ancient Rome Family the basic social unit. About 1/3 of Romans were slaves-economy depended on them Worked in homes, some became trusted friends Worked in copper or tin mines Worked as farmers or rowers on warships Gladiator slaves faced death in the Colosseum Roman Religion Worshipped many deities adopted from the Greeks Roman Achievements Statues, poetry (Virgil), Architects-arches and concrete, Ptolemy calculated the size and distance of the sun, Galen studied the body systems

6. Judaism and Christianity Jews of Judea under Roman rule in 63 CE Believed in one god-monotheism Jews Flee Harsh rule Rebelled from harsh rule and taxes Romans destroyed the Jewish Temple in Jerusalem in 70 CE Killed thousands of Jews-migrated to Italy and other parts of Europe Birth of Christianity-Around 4 BCE, Jesus was born in Judea Grew up in Nazareth and became a carpenter At 30 became a religious teacher

7. Jesus of Nazareth Preached that there was only one god Many believed him to be the Messiah Jews believed the Messiah would bring them freedom Christ is the Greek word for Messiah Followers of Jesus were known as Christians Through Jesus’ teachings a new religion-Christianity was formed For over 200 years, Christians faced harsh treatment 312 CE, Roman emperor Constantine I became a Christian Christianity spread all throughout Europe

8. The Western Empire Falls Why? Lead poisoning? Instability and Division From 235 CE to 284 CE-60 men declared themselves emperor. Increase in taxes, prices and disease Roman army weakened due to mercenaries-fighting for money Diocletian divided empire into eastern and western lands-easier to govern Constantine moved the capital east-Constantinople Eastern Empire became the Byzantine Empire-thrived Western Empire fell to Germanic invaders-Goths, Visigoths, Vandals, Angles, Saxons, Jutes-Beginning of Kingdoms in Europe