1. Friday, October 18, 2013 Students will define vocabulary associated with Chapter 5.2

2. Define: Pages 152-159 Triumvirate Dictator Imperator Julius Caesar Octavian

3. A government by three people with equal power.

4. An absolute ruler. Leadership by one person with total power

5. Commander in chief. The English word emperor comes from imperator.

6. Julius Caesar was a Roman general, statesman, Consul and notable author of Latin prose. He played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire.

7. Augustus was the founder of the Roman Empire and its first Emperor, ruling from 27 BC until his death in 14 AD. Heir to Julius Caesars throne

8. From Republic to Empire A New Role for the Army After the victory against CARTHAGE the Romans moved towards a PROFESSIONAL army. This idea came from a general named MARIUS who promised each soldier a grant of LAND in return for their service. When the council of PLEBS tried to give Marius control of a war in Asia Minor, a general named Sulla (who was in charge there), started a CIVIL war. Sulla was victorious by using a reign of TERROR to wipe out the opposition. The next 50 years were characterized by civil war.

9. After the reign of Sulla for the next 50 years Rome would be characterized by civil wars. Three men emerged as victors of the civil wars Crassus Pompey Julius Caesar

10. Crassus Richest man in Rome Ruled over Syria Killed in Battle 53 B.C Julius Caesar Governed Gaul Crossed Rubicon Started a civil war with Pompey Pompey Governed Spain Senate wanted to give him all the Power Lost to Caesar and lost the power Julius Caesar Dictator (45 B.C.)

11. Julius Caesar - After defeating POMPEY and his army Caesar was made DICTATOR (or absolute ruler) in 45 B.C. o This position was usually TEMPORARY - Recognizing the need for reform he gave land to the poor and increased the SENATE to 900 members. o He filled it with his SUPPORTERS Weakened the POWER of the senate - Granted citizenship to his supporters in the provinces

12. - Introduced the SOLAR calendar. - Planned to build and conquer more places to the EAST - Many senators thought he was not going to give up his POWER He was assassinated by a group of SENATORS in 44 B.C

13. A new power struggle between three men arose after the death of Caesar Three men once again joined powers Octavian Anthony Lepidus

14. Octavian At 32 stood supreme over Roman world Awarded title of Augustus Age of Augustus Title of imperator (commander in chief) Octavian Caesar’s heir and grandnephew Took control of Western Rome Battle of Actium Victory Anthony Caesar’s ally and assistant Took control of Eastern Rome Allied with Cleopatra VII Lost battle against Octavian committed suicide Lepidus A commander in Caesar’s cavalry Fell off as a leader

15. Restored the Republic Stabilized the frontiers of the Roman Empire Defeat in Germany troubled Augustus and taught him his power was not unlimited After Augustus death a series of new emperors ruled Rome.

16. First four from his family Tiberius Caligula Claudius Nero Became more and more corrupt Nero for example had people killed who got in his way Committed suicide after his legions revolted

17. Five good emperors who came to power 1. Nerva 2. Trajan 3. Hadrian 4. Antoninus Pius 5. Marcus Aurelius Treated ruling classes with respect Ended arbitrary executions Maintained peace Supported domestic policies

18. Extended Roman rule into Dacia, the Sinai Peninsula, and Mesopotamia Strengthened the fortifications along the line connecting the Rhine and Danube Rivers Built Hadrian’s wall-74 mile wall At its height the Roman Empire had a population estimated at more than 50 million

19. Compare and Contrast ABC writing