1. Ancient Rome Part 1

2. Becoming Rome…(per legend)  Romulus and Remus: twin brothers born to a princess and Mars  Uncle put them in the Tiber river to die  She-wolf nursed them; farmers raised them  Became powerful and well liked “Myths & Legends: the Founding of Rome”

3. Becoming Rome…(per legend)  Went to an Augury: interpreting omens using flying birds  Tells them where to build city  Brothers fight; Remus is killed  Romulus founds Rome

4. Livy ~59 BCE – 17 CE  Historian  Writing famous in his time and influential for centuries  Admired by Emperor Augustus  142 books (don’t all survive today)  Not political (avoids some bias)  History through a ‘moral compass’

5. The Legend of the Rape* of the Sabine Women  *kidnapping  Too many unmarried men in Rome  Needed wives  No neighboring states would agree to marriages  Sabines were a neighboring people  Romulus invited them all to a party

6. The Legend of the Rape* of the Sabine Women  The young Roman men kidnapped the Sabine unmarried women  War  Sabine women accepted their fate  Sabine women pleaded with the Romans and the Sabines to end the war  Peace treaty

7. Becoming Rome…(per history)  ~1500-800 BCE: ‘Latins’ lived in huts, farmers/herders  ~800-500 BCE: Greek colonization  Etruscans turn Rome into a city  ~500 BCE: Romans overthrew Etruscans; found Roman Republic  Continuous warfare with neighbors  ~260 BCE: Romans control most of Italy

8. Roman Confederation  Ruled Italy  Roman citizenship  Allies (own governments) – had to provide soldiers to Rome  Allies could become citizens

9. Carthage  ~800 BCE: Phoenicians found Carthage  A large trading empire; very rich/powerful  264 BCE : Punic Wars (3 wars)  Hannibal, general of Carthage  146 BCE: Rome destroys Carthage  129 BCE: Rome controls Macedonia and Greece

10. Hannibal ~247-183 BCE  Son of a great general  Crossed the Alps to get to Northern Italy  Started journey with ~100,000 men and 40 elephants  Sent some home as they went; some died: disease, weather, local tribes  Arrived in Italy with ~25,000 men and 20-30 elephants

11. Hannibal ~247-183 BCE  Was eventually defeated  Several years later, Rome demanded Hannibal be turned over to them  Hannibal killed himself

12. Roman Republic  ~500 BCE  Republic: leader is not a monarch and some citizens have right to vote  Patricians: wealthy landowners; ruling class; could hold office  Plebeians: less wealthy landowners, small farmers, craftspeople, merchants

13. Roman Republic  Citizens: men, could vote  Praetors: in charge of civil law (‘citizen’ law); lead republic; judges  Consuls: chosen every year; ran government; led army

14. Roman Republic: The Senate  ~300 patricians, served for life  Advise government  By 3 rd century BCE – made laws

15. Roman Republic: Class Divisions  Patricians vs plebeians  Couldn’t marry  Hundreds of years of conflict  Started to gain power  287 BCE Council of Plebs could pass laws  All male citizens now equal (not really)

16.  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rape_of_the_Sabine_Women https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rape_of_the_Sabine_Women  http://www.stoa.org/diotima/anthology/wlgr/wlgr- privatelife233.shtml http://www.stoa.org/diotima/anthology/wlgr/wlgr- privatelife233.shtml  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hannibal%27s_crossing_of_the_Alps https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hannibal%27s_crossing_of_the_Alps  https://europeanhistory.boisestate.edu/westciv/punicwar/07.shtm l https://europeanhistory.boisestate.edu/westciv/punicwar/07.shtm l  http://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/hannibal http://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/hannibal  http://www.britannica.com/biography/Livy