1. Modeling with WEAP University of Utah Hydroinformatics - Fall 2015

2. Learning Objectives Describe priority-based water allocations Draw a system schematic (that includes water sources, demand sites, and return flows) Calculate the streamflow from a watershed using rainfall-runoff methods Calculate allocations given available water and delivery priorities Use the WEAP system to set up a schematic, enter data, obtain results, and define + analyze scenarios Today: introduce user interface and modeling process Thursday: automate use through Application Programming Interface

3. System Definition Include major components Subsystems Identify based on project objectives and requirements Identify connections between components Relationships or real connections System boundaries Create drawing Labeling components Arrowed lines As straight forward as possible

4. Water Allocation Modeling All resources are not available for each user Also reach gains/losses, reservoir storage, consumptive use, return flows, groundwater, soil moisture, etc. must be considered Priorities Appropriation doctrine (first in time, first in right) By purpose (e.g.: urban demands before environmental) By location (e.g.: upstream, then downstream, or reverse) Change in time and locations (spatial and temporal changes) All the factors should be modeled in order to track water Key model development steps 1.Draw the system schematic 2.Identify model approach and data for system components 3.Enter data and run the model

5. Why WEAP? software tool for integrated water resources planning user-friendly framework for planning and policy analysis Water balance database: WEAP provides a system for maintaining water demand and supply information Scenario generation tool: WEAP simulates water demand, supply, runoff, streamflows, storage, pollution generation, treatment and discharge and instream water quality Policy analysis tool: WEAP evaluates a full range of water development and management options, and takes account of multiple and competing uses of water systems.

6. Questions WEAP can answer What if population growth and economic development patterns change? What if reservoir operating rules are altered? What if groundwater is more fully exploited? What if water conservation is introduced? What if ecosystem requirements are tightened? What if a conjunctive use program is established to store excess surface water in underground aquifers? What if a water recycling program is implemented? What if a more efficient irrigation technique is implemented? What if the mix of agricultural crops changes? What if climate change alters demand and supplies? How does pollution upstream affect downstream water quality? How will land use changes affect runoff? etc

7. Hydrologic Module of WEAP (1) the Rainfall Runoff method (2) Irrigation (FAO Crop Requirements Approach) (3) Soil Moisture Method (4) the MABIA Method

8. Calculate Allocation Mass Balance Equation More demand sites, water sources like reservoirs and return flows make more complex data requirements and allocation calculations Integrated Water Resource Management Hydroinformatics and computer modeling can really help! P + G in – (ET + Q + G out ) = ∆S

9. WEAP Allocation Method In each time step, WEAP solves a small linear program Maximize Demand Satisfaction 1.Meet supply priorities 2.Obey demand site preferences 3.Mass balance 4.Other constraints Embed the LP in a time-series simulation (psuedo code)

10. Data Enter data for each schematic component Rivers: Headflows for each month of the simulation Reaches: Reach gains for each month of the simulation Diversions: Minimum flow requirements as reach losses Demand sites: activity levels, use rates, losses, consumption, demand priority (1=highest; 99=lowest) Transmission links: Max flows, supply preference Return flows: routing (percent returned) Reservoirs: storage capacity, initial storage, volume- elevation curve, evaporation, pool definitions, buffer coefficients, priority Enter data or read from input file

11. Identify data for system components 1.Determine water availability  Sources  Return flows 2.Identify delivery for demand sites (demands) 3.Allocate water based on priorities to demand sites (delivery preferences) 4.Allocate remaining available water to meet delivery target of highest priority demand site 5.Repeat Steps 4 and 5 for next highest priority site

12. Example Parley’s Creek supplies water to part of the city and for an agricultural district. Before going to the city, the water should go to Parley’s Water Treatment Plant (40mgd capacity). 15% of the city’s withdrawals are directly going to the Jordan River and the rest of that collected, treated, returned to the river, and will be available for Jordan River use by the agricultural district. Draw the schematic of the system:

13. Calculate Allocations Example Parleys Creek can supply part of Salt Lake City and a downstream agricultural district. 70% of the city’s withdrawals are collected, treated, discharged, and available for downstream use by the agricultural district. 70 ac-ft is available in the river this year. The table shows demand site priorities and delivery targets. Demand Site Priority [rank] Delivery Target [ac-ft/yr] City 2 (lower)30 Agricultural 1 (high)60 What water volume is allocated to each demand site?

14. Example

15. Precipitation Input

16. Results Click the Results icon and recalculate (all scenarios) Choose results from schematic or dropdown lists Numerous options to view, tabulate, and export

17. Next Session Define and manage scenarios from the Data module and enter input data Use Scenario Explorer icon to open scenario dashboard Automate inputting data Use Scripting in WEAP