1. Plant Notes:

2. Plants: Multicellular eukaryotes Cell walls of cellulose Autotrophic (photosynthesis)  Carbon dioxide + water + light Oxygen + glucose

3. Types of Plants: Non-Vascular: no system for transporting water or sugar  Must be low to the ground and only a few cells thick  Examples include moss

4. Types of Plants: Vascular: contain a system for transporting water & sugar  Xylem: carries water  Phloem: carries sugar (food)  Examples: house plants, trees, ferns

5. Plant Structures: Roots:  Functions: Anchors plant Absorb minerals and water from the soil Store food (in some cases)  Types of Roots: Fibrous (grass) Taproot (carrot)

6. Plant Structures: Stems:  Functions: Support leaves Transport water up (xylem) Transport sugar throughout (phloem)  Types of stems: Woody: increase in size every year Herbaceous: live only one growing season (green)

7. Plant Structures: Leaves:  Function: Trap light for photosynthesis, thin so light can pass through  Structures: Cuticle: waxy layer on top of leaf prevents water loss made of lipids Epidermis: outermost layer of cells

8. Plant Structures: Leaf Structure:  Stomata: openings allow Carbon dioxide in and Oxygen out  Guard cells: open and close stomata  Mesophyll: photosynthetic cells (with chlorophyll)  Vascular bundle: xylem and phloem

9. Plant Structures: Flowers:  Function: to attract insects to pollinate egg and make seed (protects embryo and food supply)  Structures: Sepal: usually green encircles flower Petals: leaf-like, colorful

10. Plant Structures: Flower Structure:  Stamen: male reproductive parts Anther: holds pollen Filament: holds anther in air  Pistil (carpel): female reproductive parts Stigma: sticky surface where pollen lands Style: tube leading from stigma to ovary Ovary: place where egg is produced

11. Angiosperms:  Flowering plants  2 kinds: monocots and dicots Gymnosperms:  Seeds in cones (evergreens)

12. Monocots vs. Dicots: Monocots:  1 seed leaf  long leaves with parallel veins  petals in multiples of 3 Dicots:  2 seed leaves  broad leaves with branched veins  4 or 5 petals