1. Teacher Notes l Go through the slide show beforehand in notes view as well as regular slide-show. The notes help with additional information & discussion. There is a teacher notes Word document. l You can print a 6-slides-per-page or 3-slides-per- page handout and make your own notes from the slide presentation. l You may want to print the notes pages of the slides. However, the notes pages have the slide (one per page) so it will take 60 pages. As some of those are only a repeated slide for animation, print ONLY 1-17, 22, 32-60. (There is a Word doc of all the notes.) l There is a notes handout for TEKS Biology and a diagram handout for regular and Honors.

2. TAKING NOTES Hints on taking notes from this PowerPoint: Listen carefully to the teacher discussion. Not everything shown is to be taken as notes. Look for the “take notes” symbol.

3. Energy Flow & Cycles Element Cycles

4. BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES Matter within ecosystems is recycled.

5. All Cycles Are Related

6. BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES l Water, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen & other elements cycle from the abiotic (“geo” nonliving environment) to biotic (“bio” living organisms) & then back to the environment. biotic abiotic

7. BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES l Water, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen & other elements move through a regularly repeated sequence of events. l Define a cycle. H2OH2O C N O

8. BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES l Most element cycles have an atmospheric “bank” where the element is found in large amounts. atmospher e “bank”

9. BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES l Elements move from the “bank” into organisms. atmospher e “bank”

10. BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES l Organisms release elements in daily activities or after death. l Give an example of an activity that releases elements. RIP atmospher e “bank”

11. BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES l Decomposers (or combustion or erosion) break down organic matter. l What is a result of their actions? RIP atmospher e “bank”

12. BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES l Three example cycles: – Water – Carbon (carbon-oxygen) – Nitrogen H2OH2O C N O

13. WATER CYCLE l Use the next diagram to help you define the following: – evaporation – condensation – precipitation – transpiration – runoff – accumulation

14. water cycle diagram

15. WATER CYCLE l Label your diagram of the water cycle.

16. WATER CYCLE l Nonliving portions of the water cycle include condensation, evaporation & precipitation. biotic abiotic

17. WATER CYCLE l Living portions of the water cycle include plants performing transpiration and water intake by all organisms. biotic abiotic

18. WATER CYCLE l Water vapor exits plant leaves during transpiration through tiny openings called stomata.

19. WATER CYCLE l Water loss from plant leaves during transpiration is caused in part by the sun’s heat energy in a process similar to the way we lose water when we perspire.

20. WATER CYCLE l Water loss from plant leaves during transpiration is caused in part by the sun’s heat energy in a process similar to the way we lose water when we perspire.

21. WATER CYCLE l Water loss from plant leaves during transpiration is caused in part by the sun’s heat energy in a process similar to the way we lose water when we perspire.

22. WATER CYCLE l Water loss from plant leaves during transpiration is caused in part by the sun’s heat energy in a process similar to the way we lose water when we perspire.

23. WATER CYCLE l Water loss from plant leaves during transpiration is caused in part by the sun’s heat energy in a process similar to the way we lose water when we perspire.

24. WATER CYCLE l Why are water cycles said to be driven by the sun?

25. WATER CYCLE l Why are water cycles said to be driven by the sun?

26. WATER CYCLE l Why are water cycles said to be driven by the sun?

27. WATER CYCLE l Why are water cycles said to be driven by the sun?

28. WATER CYCLE l Why are water cycles said to be driven by the sun?

29. WATER CYCLE l Why are water cycles said to be driven by the sun?

30. WATER CYCLE l Why are water cycles said to be driven by the sun?

31. WATER CYCLE l Why are water cycles said to be driven by the sun?

32. WATER CYCLE l Why are water cycles said to be driven by the sun?

33. WATER CYCLE l Why are water cycles said to be driven by the sun?

34. WATER CYCLE l What happens to water as heat energy from the sun warms it?

35. WATER CYCLE l What would happen to water vapor in the air if it began to cool (loss of heat energy)?

36. WATER CYCLE l What would happen to water vapor in the air if it began to cool (loss of heat energy)? x

37. WATER CYCLE l What would happen to water vapor in clouds if it began to cool even more? x

38. WATER CYCLE l If water cycles are driven by the sun’s heat energy, what effect would global warming have on the cycle?

39. water cycle diagram animated

40. CARBON CYCLE l Why is the Carbon Cycle often called the Carbon-Oxygen Cycle? respiration photosynthesis O2O2 CO 2

41. CARBON CYCLE l Like other element cycles, the carbon cycle links nonliving & living parts of the environment. biotic abiotic

42. CARBON CYCLE l The exchange of gases during photosynthesis and respiration is a major example of the living- nonliving cycle of carbon-oxygen. respiration photosynthesis O2O2 CO 2

43. CARBON CYCLE l How does carbon enter the living part of the cycle? CO 2 + H 2 O ----> C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 CO 2

44. CARBON CYCLE l Carbon is returned to the atmosphere environment by: – cellular respiration – erosion – combustion – decomposition

45. CARBON CYCLE l Use the next diagram to help you define the relationship of the following terms to the carbon cycle. – respiration – photosynthesis – decomposition – combustion – erosion

46. CARBON CYCLE limestone factory soil and organism respiration animal respiration plant respiration assimilation by plants photosynthesis by algae respiration by algae and aquatic animals litter fossil fuels coal, gas, petroleum CO2 in Atmosphere decomposition oceans, lakes

47. carbon cycle animated l Write a descriptive summary of the events shown.

48. NITROGEN CYCLE l 79% of the atmosphere is nitrogen gas but it is in a form most living things cannot use. N2 free nitrogen

49. NITROGEN CYCLE l If we can’t take in free nitrogen, how do we acquire it so we can use it in our bodies? l Why do we need nitrogen in our bodies?

50. NITROGEN CYCLE l How do we acquire usable nitrogen? l Nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert nitrogen into nitrates. l Plants absorb nitrates. l Animals eat plants. N 2 in air nitrogen-fixing bacteria NITRATES

51. NITROGEN CYCLE l How does the nitrogen return to the atmosphere? l Denitrifying bacteria convert the nitrates back into nitrogen. N 2 in air nitrogen-fixing bacteria NITRATES denitrifying bacteria

52. NITROGEN CYCLE l Why do we need nitrogen? Nitrogen protein ?

53. NITROGEN CYCLE l Can plants & animals use free nitrogen? l In what form must N 2 be to be used by plants? l What organisms can fix the N 2 into a usable form? N2 free nitrogen nitrates nitrogen-fixing bacteria

54. NITROGEN CYCLE Simplified Free N 2 in Atmosphere nitrogen-fixing bacteria NITRATES denitrifying bacteria RIP Organic material

55. NITROGEN CYCLE nitrogen-fixing bacteria nitrates organic matter denitrifying bacteria lightning fixes N 2 into nitrates

56. NITROGEN CYCLE l Nitrogen Cycle Animation l http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcseb itesize/biology/ecology/nitrogencycl erev1.shtml (scroll down to view) http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcseb itesize/biology/ecology/nitrogencycl erev1.shtml l http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcseb itesize/flash/bi01013.swf (same graphic but alone on a page) http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcseb itesize/flash/bi01013.swf

57. Reviewing the Cycles l WATER CYCLE – evaporation – condensation – precipitation – transpiration

58. Reviewing the Cycles l CARBON CYCLE – photosynthesis-respiration – combustion – erosion – decomposition RIP atmosphere “bank”

59. Reviewing the Cycles l NITROGEN CYCLE – nitrogen-fixing bacteria – nitrates – decomposition – denitrification Free N 2 in Atmosphere nitrogen-fixing bacteria NITRATES denitrifying bacteria RIP Organic material

60. Cycle Interrelationships

61. Free N 2 in Atmosphere nitrogen-fixing bacteria NITRATES denitrifying bacteria RIP Organic material