1. QUIT INDIA GANDHI – STUDIED IN LONDON, WORKED IN SOUTH AFRICA FOR 21 YRS – THROWN OUT OF TRAIN FOR WHITES ONLY – STARTED HIS NON-VIOLENCE STRUGGLE FOR CIVIL RIGHTS WROTE “HIND SWARAJ” – AGAINST WESTERN MODERNITY GIVEN TITLE OF “MAHATMA” MEANING “GREAT SOUL” ALSO GIVEN TITLE “FATHER OF THE NATION”

2. SATYAGRAHA AND AHIMSA SATYAGRAHA – KEY PRINCIPLE – TRUTH (SATYA) – NON-VIOLENCE (AHIMSA) – SELF-SUFFERING (TAPASYA) NO HOSTILITY TOWARDS OTHERS NON-COOPERATION SCHOOLS, POLICE SERVICES, MILITARY, CIVIL SERVICE SALT MARCH AGAINST SALT TAX

3. WORLD WAR II INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS AGAINST INDIA FIGHTING IN WAR BRITAIN NEEDED INDIA’S SUPPORT – CRIPPS MISSION – PROMISED NEAR INDEPENDENCE TO INDIA GANDHI NOT SATISFIED – RESPONDED WITH “QUIT INDIA” SPEECH

4. QUIT INDIA MOVEMENT SPEECH “DO OR DIE” MASS UPRISINGS & CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE ENDED IN BRITISH ARRESTING CONGRESS LEADERS AND GANDHI MOVEMENT THAT STARTED INDIA’S ACHIEVEMENT OF COMPLETE INDEPENDENCE OF INDIA

5. HINDU-MUSLIM HINDU-SIKH CONFLICT 1947 – PARTITION – MASS MURDERS BY HINDUS AND MUSLIMS AYODHYA RIOTS 1992 – MUSLIM MOSQUE ON HINDU SACRED GROUND – ENDED WITH GUJARAT RIOTS – 1000s MUSLIMS KILLED MRS. GANDHI – ASSASSINATED BY SIKH BODYGUARDS FOR KILLING SIKHS IN GOLDEN TEMPLE

6. QUIT INDIA SPEECH 1942 DEMOCRACY – EQUAL FREEDOM FOR ALL INDIANS AGAINST BRITISH IMPERIALISM NOT BRITISH PEOPLE ENGLISH A WORLD LANGUAGE TO BE LEARNED WANTS TO SAVE BRITISH FROM THEIR MISTAKES

7. QUIT INDIA SPEECH CONGRESS ONLY IN SERVICE OF INDIA’S FREEDOM – NOT FOR POWER DEMOCRACY AS HIGHEST IDEAL AVOID VIOLENCE – ACHIEVE DEMOCRACY THROUGH TRUTH AND NON-VIOLENCE EQUAL FREEDOM FOR ALL THIS IDEA IS ECHOED IN NEHRU’S “TRYST WITH DESTINY” SPEECH

8. JAWAHARLAL NEHRU BORN TO WEALTHY KASMIRI FAMILY 2X PRESIDENT OF INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS BELIEVED IN MODERN SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE FIRST PRIME MINISTER OF INDIA – INAUGURAL SPEECH “TRYST WITH DESTINY”

9. TRYST WITH DESTINY ANALYSIS HEARD IN FILMS LIKE “EARTH” AND “MIDNIGHT’S CHILDREN” CONNECTING PAST AND PRESENT/FUTURE INDIA IS “ANCIENT”, “ETERNAL”, “EVER NEW” LONG STRUGGLE – NOW LIFE AND FREEDOM PRAISES GANDHI – FATHER OF OUR NATION PAIRS OLD WITH NEW – OLD SPIRIT OF INDIA BUT WILL GUIDE THE FUTURE

10. TRYST WITH DESTINY RESPONSIBILITY – BE A MODEL – WORK HARD – UNITY WITH COMMON CAUSE NATIONAL UNITY – BUT, CHALLENGES- PARTITION – AGAINST COMMUNAL STRIFE BELIEVES IN PARTICIPATION WITH WORLD CONCLUDES WITH HINDI “JAI HIND” – “VICTORY TO INDIA” – DELIVERED IN ENGLISH

11. SALMAN RUSHDIE BORN IN INDIA – PAKISTAN – ENGLAND “MIDNIGHT’S CHILDREN” “SATANIC VERSES” – WORLDWIDE FAME PORTRAYS MOHAMMAD IN A BAD LIGHT IRAN ISSUED FATWA (RULING ON ISLAMIC LAW) – FOR EXECUTION OF RUSHDIE HE LIVED UNDER POLICE PROTECTION

12. SALMON RUSHDIE OFFENSIVE ELEMENT WAS IN A DREAM SEQUENCE RUSHDIE CLAIMS – AIM TO DISCUSS EXPERIENCE OF MIGRATION OF INDIANS TO BRITAIN DIASPORA – SCATTERING OF PEOPLE DUE TO MIGRATION – 2 CULTURES MAIN THEME OF RUSHDIE’S NOVELS

13. BACKGROUND, CASUALLY NISSIM EZEKIEL BORN TO ISRAEL FAMILY IN BOMBAY INFLUENCED BY ROY’S RADICAL DEM. PARTY “A TIME TO CHANGE” – 1 ST BOOK OF POEMS FOUNDING FATHER OF MODERN INDIAN POETRY WRITTEN IN INDIAN ENGLISH DEALS WITH CITY LIFE, SQUALOR BENE ISRAEL (SONS OF ISRAEL) – JEWS IN INDI

14. ANALYSIS OF “BACKGROUND CASUALLY” AUTOBIOGRAPHY – POET’S JUDGEMENT OF HIMSELF AND SOCIETY’S JUDGEMENT OF HIM IRONY – GAP BETWEEN APPEARANCE AND REALITY STRUGGLE BETWEEN PERSONAL DESIRES AND SOCIETY’S PERSPECTIVES SOCIETY PREJUDICES AGAINST MINORITY NOT CRITICAL OF INDIA – USES CLASHES FOR POETRY- INDIA IS HOME – IT IS “WHERE I AM”

15. MR. PIRZADA CAME TO DINE JHUMPA LAHIRI BORN IN LONDON – WRITER OF SHORT STORIES “INTERPRETER OF MALADIES” EXPERIENCES OF THE DIASPORA (MIGRANTS) – QUESTIONS OF IDENTITY FINDING HOME IN FOREIGN LAND – BEING A MINORITY – INDIAN IMMIGRANTS IN USA

16. MR. PIRZADA CAME TO DINE ANALYSIS MOTHER HAPPY WITH NEW LIFE FATHER – SAD, LONELINESS, AWAY FROM HOME USES FOOD, COOKING, EATING TO SHOW SIMILARITIES OR DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CHARACTERS FOOD THEY EAT IS REMINDER OF LIVES THEY HAVE LEFT

17. MR. PIRZADA CAME TO DINE ANALYSIS CANDY MR. P GIVES LILIA – LOVE AND FATHERLY INSTINCT FOR HER – LILIA TREASURES THE CANDY “A JEWEL FROM A BURIED KINGDOM”. STORES IT IN BOX THAT WAS HER GRANDMOTHER’S. HALLOWEEN – BRINGS HER CLOSE TO MR. P – CARVES PUMPKIN – SMASHED LATER – FAILED RELATIONSHIP

18. MR. PIRZADA CAME TO DINE ANALYSIS LILIA REALIZES HOW DIFFERENT DORA AND HER ARE (DON’T WATCH SAME NEWS) MEMORY AND HISTORY – LOOKING FOR THEIR LIVES IN NEWS, HISTORY BOOKS, POSTNATIONALISM – NATION’S IDENTITY NOT RELEVANT WITH GLOBALIZATION/MIGRATION POLITICS AND NATIONLISM ARE NOT SOLE MARKERS OF INDIVIDUALS IDENTITY

19. JUNGLE BOOK

22. POINT OF VIEW TELLS TALES IN 3 RD PERSON “THE WHITE SEAL” AND “SERVANTS OF THE QUEEN – ONLY UNKNOWN NARRATOR NARRATOR DOES NOT SHARE HIS OPINION EXCEPTION: END OF “TIGER, TIGER” AND BEGINNING OF “THE WHITE SEAL (TELLS OF WINTER WREN THAT TOLD NARRATOR STORY)

23. POINT OF VIEW KIPLING ADMIRED MULTI-NATIONALISTIC CULTURES OF INDIA DEEP KNOWLEDGE OF CULTURES, CONFLICTS, EXPERIENCES EG. “TOOMAI OF ELEPHANTS” – TOOMAI REPORTS TO WHITE MAN, PETERSEN ALSO IN “RIKKI”, TEDDY’S FATHER IS ENGLISH

24. POINT OF VIEW STORIES TEACH A MORAL LEARN ABOUT LIFE BY CONFRONTING DANGER, OVERCOMING OBSTACLES CHARACTERS LEARN GOODNESS AND KINDNESS THROUGH THEIR EXPERIENCES ORDER AND WISDOM FOUND AMONG ANIMALS – NATURE HAS A MORAL ORDER THAT IS SUPERIOR TO HUMAN ORDER

25. POINT OF VIEW HUMANS WORSE BECAUSE THEY HAVE TO POWER TO CHOOSE TO DO GOOD OR EVIL WHITE SEAL MOST “MORALISTIC” TALE – KOTIK CONDEMNS GREEDY HUNTERS WHO KILL ONLY FOR SEAL’S PELTS – GREED ROOT OF MOST FAILINGS OF HUMANS PORTRAYS INDIANS AS TOO SUBSERVIENT TO PRIESTS AND SUPERSITIONS (TOOMAI – “NATIVE BOYS HAVE NO NERVES”

26. SETTING MOST SET IN INDIA UNDER BRITISH RULE MOWGLI – CENTRAL INDIA RIKKI – SEGOWLEE (TODAY IT IS NEPAL) TOOMAI – HILLS OF UPPER INDIA SERVANTS OF QUEEN – RAWALPINDI – HOME OF LARGE BRITISH MILITARY (PAKISTAN) “SEAL” AND “QUIQERN” – ALASKA & CANADA

27. LANGUAGE AND MEANING SIMPLE SENTENCES – TALKING ANIMALS LIVING IN COMMUNITIES LIKE HUMANS FORMAL WRITING STYLE, “THY, THINE, THEE” WHIMSICAL NAMES TO EVOKE FANTASY PEOPLE OF SEA” – DIFFERENT SPECIES NAMES – HINDU ROOTS – “GIDURLOG” = JACKALS; ‘BANDAR-LOG” = WILD MONKEYS; “KAA” = SNAKE

28. THEMES IN JUNGLE BOOK BRAVERY – ESSENTIAL TO SURVIVE EG. MOWGLI AND BAGHEERA SHOW BRAVERY IN ADAPTING TO WORLD AROUND BRAVERY AND CUNNING – MOWGLI PLANS SHERE KHAN’S DEATH BRAVERY TO SAVE LIVES – SIR PUREN DAAS AND KOTUKO – RISK THEIR LIVES FOR OTHERS BEING DIFFERENT – MOWGLI, KOTICK (WHITE SEAL) – INTELLIGENCE ALSO SETS HIM APART

29. THEMES IN JUNGLE BOOK PROBLEM SOLVING -WHEN HUNTERS COME TO ‘WINTER HOME’ AND BEACH IS TOO CROWDED, KOTICK SUGGESTS NEW ISLAND FRIENDSHIP – THROUGHOUT – KEY FACTOR TO SURVIVAL – MOWGLI, BALOO &BAGHEERA, TOOMAI AND KALA NAG, RIKKI AND TEDDY B & B ENJOY TEACHING MOWGLI, RIKKI RECEIVES AFFECTION & NEW HOME, TEDDY RECEIVES PROTECTION FROM THE COBRAS

30. PLOT SUMMARY 7 STORIES – FROM KIPLING’S TRAVELS IN INDIA, AFGHANISTAN, BERING SEA TOUCHES ON HYPOCRISY AND PREJUDICES IN BRITISH COLONIES CENTRAL CHARACTERS MOWGLI 1 ST 3 STORIES – ESCAPED DEATH BY SHERE KHAN WHEN A SMALL BOY

31. MOWGLI RAISED BY MOTHER WOLF – NAME MEANS “LITTLE FROG” – LITTLE HAIR & WIGGLES BALOO & BAGHEERA TEACH ‘M’ LAWS OF JUNGLE & HOW TO HUNT – TO SURVIVE ‘M’ HAS DISPUTE WITH WOLVES, LEAVES AND LIVES WITH VILLAGERS – TRIES TO ESCAPE SHERE KHAN AND EVENTUALLY KILLS HIM, KEEPING SKIN THIS UPSETS MAIN HUNTER – MOWGLI IS KICKED OUT – RETURNS TO JUNGLE – LIVES AS LONE WOLF

32. BALOO KIND, WISE BROWN BEAR – ONLY NON-WOLF ON WOLF LEADERSHIP COUNCIL BECAUSE HE IS TUTOR TO WOLF CUBS, TEACHING LAWS OF JUNGLE BALOO SPEAKS UP TO ACCEPT MOWGLI TEACHES ‘M’ MANY LAWS & LANGUAGES TOUGH, BUT PROUD OF ‘M’

33. BAGHEERA ACCEPTS MOWGLI INTO WOLF PACK OFFERS TO BE SPONSOR AND RESPONSIBLE FOR HIM – TEACH HIM ABOUT JUNGLE PRIDEFUL AND BRAVE – SAYS HE IS THAT WAY BECAUSE HE GREW UP IN CAPTIVITY SO HE HAD TO BE BRAVE TO ESCAPE DOES NOT ACT LIKE HE WAS CAPTIVE – HAS SCARS ON HIS NECK FROM CHAINS - RESPECTED

34. SHERE KHAN (TIGER) MOWGLI’S ENEMY – “LUNGRI” MEANING “LAME ONE”- HAS ONE BIRTH DEFECT IN ONE OF HIS FEET. FEARED FOR HIS ABILITY TO KILL, BUT LAUGHED AT FOR HIS LACK OF WIT, AND FOR HUNTING VILLAGER’S CATTLE AND CHILDREN WAS DOING THIS WHEN MOWGLI ESCAPED VOWS TO HUNT “M” DOWN BUT IS KILLED

35. KOTICK (WHITE SEAL) DIFFERENT FROM REST (WHITE) – TREATED SAME- INTELLIGENT, KIND, FRIENDLY HUNTERS FEAR HIM “SNOWY WHITE” – THINK HE IS BAD LUCK LEAVES ISLAND (WHERE NO HUMANS) WHEN SEALS ARE BEING SLAUGHTERED EARNS TRUST AND LOYALTY OF SEALS

36. RIKKI-TIKKI-TAVI 5 TH STORY – BROWN MONGOOSE – WASHED AWAY FROM HIS FAMILY INTO GARDEN OF TEDDY (A HUMAN BOY) TEDDY TREATS HIM AS A PET – RIKKI IS VERY LOYAL HE PROTECTS TEDDY FROM 2 COBRAS WHO PLOT TO KILL THE FAILY RIKKI SAVES TEDDY – FAMILY CHERISHES HIM

37. LITTLE TOOMAI SON OF BIG TOOMAI, AN ELEPHANT DRIVER BIG TOOMAI TRAINS LITTLE TOOMAI TO BE A GREAT ELEPHANT DRIVER LITTLE T LEARNS QUICKLY – GAINS TRUST OF KALA NAG (FATHER’S ELEPHANT) KALA NAG ALLOWS LITTLE T TO ATTEND ‘ELEPHANT DANCE’ WITH REST OF ELEPHANTS

38. SIR PURUN DAS BRAHMIN PRIME MINISTER - MODERNIZES INDIA MADE A KNIGHT - HOWEVER, DECIDES TO BECOME A MONK- LIVES IN OLD TEMPLE & MAKES MANY FRIENDS (VILLAGERS & ANIMA) RAINSTORM – SAVES VILLAGERS FROM COLLAPSING MOUNTAIN – HE DIES, BUT HAPPY HE SAVED LIVES PEOPLE ERECT SHRINE NOT KNOWING HE WAS “SIR PURUN DAS”

39. KOTUKO BRAVERY, SAVES LIVES OF ENTIRE VILLAGE INUIT TRIBE, STARVATION, HARSH WINTER KOTUKO TAKES HIS DOG SLED TO FIND FOOD 2 LEAD DOGS RUN OFF, K IS STRANDED – CHASES DOGS – BELIEVES HE SEES THE SPIRIT OF QUIQERN, BUT IT IS HIS DOGS EATING A SEAL HE CATCHES THE SEALS AND TAKES IT BACK TO VILLAGE -

40. SCOUT MOVEMENT ROBERT BADEN-POWELL FOUNDER – USED “MEMORY GAME” IN “KIM” – TO INCREASE MORALE AND FITNESS OF YOUNG BOYS\ THEMES OF BRAVERY AND STRENGTH, THE CUB SCOUTS USED THE STORIES TO MOTIVATE YOUNG MEMBERS OF ITS PROGRAMS AKELA, HEAD WOLF IN JUNGLE BOOK, IS NAME GIVEN TO LEADER OF EACH CUB SCOUT PACK