1. Human World Part One: World Population and Culture Chapter 4 section 1 and 2

2. World Population

3. Share Student Definition for Migration

4. Share Student Definition for Demography

5. Current Population and Expected Growth Currently 6.5 billion people live on Earth Currently 6.5 billion people live on Earth Expected to be 9 billion by 2050 Expected to be 9 billion by 2050 Population used to grow much more slower Population used to grow much more slower But since the 1800s the population has doubled and continues to rise quickly. But since the 1800s the population has doubled and continues to rise quickly. Why do you think this has happened? Why do you think this has happened?

6. Population Growth When # of people in a region get increase, decrease, or the stay same When # of people in a region get increase, decrease, or the stay same Causes Causes –cultural ideas (ex: how many kids people have) –Migration (movement of people) –level of development (technology, healthcare, education)

7. Demography the study of populations the study of populations use statistics to assess population growth use statistics to assess population growth –Birthrates:# of births per year for every 1000 people –Death rates:# of deaths per year for every 1000 people –Size and geography of a region: how many square is it and are there parts that can’t be lived on –Number of people emigrating (leaving a country) –Number of immigrants (people who have moved to your country)

8. Natural Increases of a Population the difference in number of deaths to number of births the difference in number of deaths to number of births Birthrate-death rate= population growth Birthrate-death rate= population growth Not considered in this increase is people emigrating or immigrants! Not considered in this increase is people emigrating or immigrants!

9. demographic transition model p. 71 Uses birthrates and death rates Uses birthrates and death rates shows changes in population trends of a country or region shows changes in population trends of a country or region

10. Reasons death rates go down more amounts of food more amounts of food improved healthcare improved healthcare access to medicine and technology access to medicine and technology better living conditions better living conditions

11. Reasons Birth Rates Go Down This takes more time than death rates This takes more time than death rates Tends to happen when cultural traditions change Tends to happen when cultural traditions change Ex: people no longer have big families in US Ex: people no longer have big families in US Why? Why?

12. Zero Population Growth Happens in DEVELOPED countries like those in North America, South America and Europe Happens in DEVELOPED countries like those in North America, South America and Europe Have good healthcare, education, technology, and food supplies for majority of people Have good healthcare, education, technology, and food supplies for majority of people LOW birthrates AND LOW death rates LOW birthrates AND LOW death rates Zero population growth: birthrate and death rate are equal Zero population growth: birthrate and death rate are equal Ex: no growth ex: 50births -50deaths=0) Ex: no growth ex: 50births -50deaths=0)

13. High Population Growth Occurring in DEVELOPING COUNTRIES in Asia, Africa, and Latin America Occurring in DEVELOPING COUNTRIES in Asia, Africa, and Latin America Death rates are decreasing because of new access to proper healthcare or food or water supplies Death rates are decreasing because of new access to proper healthcare or food or water supplies Though birthrates have gone down in past 40 years they are are still higher than in industrialized world Though birthrates have gone down in past 40 years they are are still higher than in industrialized world This is because of cultural beliefs about marriage, family and value of kids (may chose to have several kids to help on farm) This is because of cultural beliefs about marriage, family and value of kids (may chose to have several kids to help on farm) High number of births plus low number of deaths means populations in these continents are growing High number of births plus low number of deaths means populations in these continents are growing High births-low deaths=population growing High births-low deaths=population growing

14. doubling time Number of years it takes a population to double in size Number of years it takes a population to double in size For Asia, Africa, and Latin America it has been reduced to only 25 years For Asia, Africa, and Latin America it has been reduced to only 25 years For a developed country its more than 300 years! For a developed country its more than 300 years!

15. Check Migration BW Definition Movement of people from place to place Movement of people from place to place This is looked at when studying population growth This is looked at when studying population growth Sometimes it increases as more people immigrate to a region Sometimes it increases as more people immigrate to a region Sometimes it decreases as people emigrate from a region Sometimes it decreases as people emigrate from a region

16. Problems with Rapid Population Growth Difficult to produce enough food Difficult to produce enough food Use resources more quickly Use resources more quickly Face shortages of water, housing, and clothing Face shortages of water, housing, and clothing Africa is still struggling with increasing its food production. Africa is still struggling with increasing its food production. –lack of $ for improving farming –Warfare –severe weather conditions

17. Uneven distribution of population Some countries have the majority of their countries as infants and young children Some countries have the majority of their countries as infants and young children Infants and young children cannot help with the production of food Infants and young children cannot help with the production of food But the demand for food is high But the demand for food is high This can lead to starvation or malnutrition This can lead to starvation or malnutrition

18. ways to deal with rapid population growth study and develop ways to increase food production study and develop ways to increase food production fertilizers to improve amount crops make fertilizers to improve amount crops make irrigation systems increase farmland use irrigation systems increase farmland use new varieties of crops can be created that survive in severe conditions and grow more food new varieties of crops can be created that survive in severe conditions and grow more food

19. negative population growth annual death rates exceeds the annual birthrate annual death rates exceeds the annual birthrate LOW Birthrate-HIGH death rates= -# of growth LOW Birthrate-HIGH death rates= -# of growth Germany and Hungary are experiencing this Germany and Hungary are experiencing this In countries that experience In countries that experience –Is difficult to find enough workers to keep the economy growing –Workers are recruited from other nations –This can cause tensions b/t the “host” population and the new people

20. Population Pyramids In book page 307: Portugal In book page 307: Portugal US (on worksheet) US (on worksheet)

21. BW: Demography In blank on right hand list things that demographers study to understand population In blank on right hand list things that demographers study to understand population Create a drawing Create a drawing

22. Population Distribution

23. population distribution Pattern of human settlement: where people live Pattern of human settlement: where people live Often uneven because of Often uneven because of –Earth’s physical geography –Migration.

24. How Physical Geography Effects Population Distribution Areas on Earth that are uninhabitable(30% Earth’s land) Areas on Earth that are uninhabitable(30% Earth’s land) –High mountain peaks – barren deserts –frozen tundra Populations in these areas are low or zero Populations in these areas are low or zero People live on less than 1/3 of all the planet’s land. People live on less than 1/3 of all the planet’s land. –Where there is FERTILE SOIL –Where there is FRESHWATER –Where climate is not harsh Europe and Asia are the continents that are most densely populated (people per square mile) Europe and Asia are the continents that are most densely populated (people per square mile)

25. Metropolitan areas Cities and their surrounding urbanized areas Cities and their surrounding urbanized areas Common for people to live in or around these Common for people to live in or around these – Europe – North America – South America –Australia

26. population density: how crowded a country is Number of people living on a square mile of land Number of people living on a square mile of land Divide the total population of a country by the total land area of the country Divide the total population of a country by the total land area of the country Total population Total population Total Land Area Total Land Area Population density Population density

27. All countries DO NOT have same densities! Depends on land size of the country and number of people in it Depends on land size of the country and number of people in it Countries of the same size do not always have the same pop densities Countries of the same size do not always have the same pop densities Examples: Examples: –Canada has low pop density 8 people per sq mile –Bangladesh has one of highest with 2594 per sq mile

28. Population density does not always give us a true idea of how crowded a place is! What if most of the people lived only in one part of the country? (uneven distribution) What if most of the people lived only in one part of the country? (uneven distribution) Take EGYPT for example Take EGYPT for example –has an overall pop density of 191 people per square mile –But 90% of Egypt’s people live along the Nile River (cause rest of Egypt is desert) –If calculate its pop density based on land area that is actually inhabitable it comes out to 5741 people per sq mile!

29. Take Out BW on Urbanization Share student definition Share student definition

30. Urbanization Growth of the population of cities and the changes that come with it Growth of the population of cities and the changes that come with it People often migrate to cities because People often migrate to cities because –They want better jobs (make more money) –They want a better life (more entertainment, etc) –Not as much land to farm anymore About ½ the world’s people live in cities About ½ the world’s people live in cities More are currently migrating to them More are currently migrating to them Ex: Mexico City is predicted to go from 5 million to 19 million in 45 years! Ex: Mexico City is predicted to go from 5 million to 19 million in 45 years! Other cities in Latin America, Asia, and Africa have seen similar growth Other cities in Latin America, Asia, and Africa have seen similar growth

31. Add to BW for Urbanization Proper description Proper description Right hand side: Right hand side: –reasons this happens – predict problems that might occur if this occurs rapidly Draw Draw

32. Migration between countries Pull factor Pull factor –Those from poorer areas like Latin America, Africa, and Asia are pulled to wealthier areas like Europe, North America and Australia Push Factors Push Factors –May be pushed out of their country because of wars, food shortages, and other problems

33. People who migrate may be considered: REFUGEES: People who are forced to flee to escape persecution or disaster REFUGEES: People who are forced to flee to escape persecution or disaster EMIGRATES: A person emigrates when he/she leaves nation of birth and moves to another EMIGRATES: A person emigrates when he/she leaves nation of birth and moves to another IMMIGRANTS: In the new country he/she will be referred to by those who already live there as an immigrant. IMMIGRANTS: In the new country he/she will be referred to by those who already live there as an immigrant.

34. Add to BW for Migration Blank on right hand side Blank on right hand side –Reasons people emigrate to a new nation or area? –Why do some want to limit the number of immigrants to the US? Draw Draw

35. World Culture

36. Cultural Regions Earth can be divided based on common cultural elements such as language and religion. Earth can be divided based on common cultural elements such as language and religion. What are parts of culture? What are parts of culture?

37. culture way of life of a group of people who share similar beliefs and customs way of life of a group of people who share similar beliefs and customs This includes: This includes: –Language –Religion –daily activities –History –Art –Government –Economy

38. Main Elements of Culture Language Language Religion Religion Social Groups Social Groups Government Government Economy Economy Areas that have similarities of these elements form Cultural Regions! Areas that have similarities of these elements form Cultural Regions!

39. Language Is important to a country’s development Is important to a country’s development People communicate information and experiences and pass on cultural values and traditions People communicate information and experiences and pass on cultural values and traditions Languages can even differ within a culture when people speak the same language but with different dialects Languages can even differ within a culture when people speak the same language but with different dialects –Local form of a language that differs from the main language –Cajun French –These differences may include variations in the pronunciation and meaning of words Linguists are scientists who study languages and organize the world’s language into language families Linguists are scientists who study languages and organize the world’s language into language families Language families: are large groups of languages that are similar Language families: are large groups of languages that are similar –ENGLISH, SPANISH AND RUSSIAN ARE ALL MEMBERS OF THE INDO- EUROPEAN LANGUAGE FAMILY

40. Religion Set of beliefs in an ultimate reality and set of practices used to express those beliefs Set of beliefs in an ultimate reality and set of practices used to express those beliefs Not all people have the same religion and this can result in conflict Not all people have the same religion and this can result in conflict Religion is good for a culture because it helps people form a positive sense of identity Religion is good for a culture because it helps people form a positive sense of identity Religion influences aspects of daily life from the practice of moral values to the celebration of holidays and festivals Religion influences aspects of daily life from the practice of moral values to the celebration of holidays and festivals EX: CHRISTIANS: HOW TREAT OTHERS/X-MAS) EX: CHRISTIANS: HOW TREAT OTHERS/X-MAS) Religious symbols and stories shape cultural expressions such as paintings, architecture and music Religious symbols and stories shape cultural expressions such as paintings, architecture and music

41. Social Groups A social system that develops to help members of a culture work together to meet basic needs A social system that develops to help members of a culture work together to meet basic needs The most important social group in all cultures is the FAMILY The most important social group in all cultures is the FAMILY Social classes are groups of people ranked according to their ancestry, wealth, education or other criteria Social classes are groups of people ranked according to their ancestry, wealth, education or other criteria Ethnic groups are made up of people who share a common language, history, place of origin, or a combination of these elements Ethnic groups are made up of people who share a common language, history, place of origin, or a combination of these elements

42. Government Every government of the world Every government of the world –Maintains order within its nations –Provides protection from outside dangers –Supplies other services to its people Governments are organized by levels of power Governments are organized by levels of power –National –Regional –Local Governments are also organized by types of authority Governments are also organized by types of authority –A single ruler –A small group of leaders –A bunch of citizens and those they chose to represent them

43. Economy The study of how a culture uses its natural resources to meet the needs of its people The study of how a culture uses its natural resources to meet the needs of its people Also how people produce, obtain, use, and sell goods and services Also how people produce, obtain, use, and sell goods and services Not all economies are the same Not all economies are the same

44. Culture Regions These are created by geographer to understand cultural development These are created by geographer to understand cultural development These include countries that have certain traits in common These include countries that have certain traits in common May share similar economic systems, forms of government, social groups, history, religion, and/ or art May share similar economic systems, forms of government, social groups, history, religion, and/ or art PAGE 77 MAP OF CULTURE REGIONS PAGE 77 MAP OF CULTURE REGIONS

45. What changes culture over time? Internal (within a region) Internal (within a region) – new ideas –new lifestyles –New inventions External (from another region) External (from another region) – trade – migration – war

46. Cultural Diffusion The process of spreading new knowledge from one culture to another The process of spreading new knowledge from one culture to another has been major factor in cultural development since dawn of human history has been major factor in cultural development since dawn of human history

47. Timeline on Evolution of Culture

48. nomads The earliest humans The earliest humans groups of hunters and herders groups of hunters and herders had no fixed home had no fixed home moved from place to place in search of food, water, and grazing land moved from place to place in search of food, water, and grazing land

49. AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION Started about 10000 years ago Started about 10000 years ago People began to settle in one place People began to settle in one place At first it was in hilly areas At first it was in hilly areas Later in river valleys and on fertile plains Later in river valleys and on fertile plains Became farmers who lived in permanent villages and grew crops on the same land every year Became farmers who lived in permanent villages and grew crops on the same land every year Shift from hunting and gathering food to producing food is known as the AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION Shift from hunting and gathering food to producing food is known as the AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION

50. civilizations/cultural hearths Civilizations Civilizations –Began to form around 3500 BC –Some early farming villages evolved into these –Very organized cities based on societies with advanced knowledge in farming, trade, government, and science Cultural Hearths Cultural Hearths –Is where first civilizations began –Their ideas and practices than spread to surrounding areas –Most influential ones developed in modern day nations of OF EGYPT, IRAQ, PAKISTAN, CHINA, AND MEXICO –They all grew from early farming settlements in areas with mild climates and fertile land –Most were located near a major river or source of water –They dug canals and ditches to irrigate land and were able to grow access crops

51. The rise of cities More food available More food available Less need for everyone to be famers Less need for everyone to be famers people found other ways to make a living people found other ways to make a living Shipbuilding and metalworking Shipbuilding and metalworking

52. Cities Grow Began to trade over long distances Began to trade over long distances Increased wealth led to rise of complex social systems(classes based on money status) Increased wealth led to rise of complex social systems(classes based on money status) Cities need a well-organized government to coordinate harvest, plan building projects and manage an army for defense Cities need a well-organized government to coordinate harvest, plan building projects and manage an army for defense Officials and merchants created writing systems to record or transmit information Officials and merchants created writing systems to record or transmit information

53. Culture Changes and Spreads Contact was made between civilizations through trade and travel Contact was made between civilizations through trade and travel Migration also helped spread culture as people moved around to avoid wars, persecution and famine Migration also helped spread culture as people moved around to avoid wars, persecution and famine Enslaved Africans brought to the Americas is an example of a forced mass migration Enslaved Africans brought to the Americas is an example of a forced mass migration Irish fleeing the potato famine in the 1800s is a voluntary mass migration Irish fleeing the potato famine in the 1800s is a voluntary mass migration Better economic opportunities or political freedoms drew people from one place to another Better economic opportunities or political freedoms drew people from one place to another These migrants carried their cultures with them and their ideas and practices often blended with those already living in their new areas These migrants carried their cultures with them and their ideas and practices often blended with those already living in their new areas Cultural diffusion has been occurring more rapidly in past 250 years Cultural diffusion has been occurring more rapidly in past 250 years

54. Industrial Revolution Began in 1700s in Great Britain Began in 1700s in Great Britain Began in 1800s in the US Began in 1800s in the US This was when people began using power driven machines housed in factories to mass produce goods This was when people began using power driven machines housed in factories to mass produce goods This resulted in goods being made quickly and cheaply This resulted in goods being made quickly and cheaply Many people left farms for jobs in factories and mills in the cities resulting in rapid URBANIZATION Many people left farms for jobs in factories and mills in the cities resulting in rapid URBANIZATION

55. Information Revolution Began at the end of the 1900s Began at the end of the 1900s Computers now make it possible to store huge amounts of information and instantly send it all over the world Computers now make it possible to store huge amounts of information and instantly send it all over the world This links cultures around world more closely than ever before This links cultures around world more closely than ever before

56. Potential Essay Questions What are problems that areas experiencing rapid population growth have to deal with? What are problems that areas experiencing rapid population growth have to deal with? Explain reasons why people migrate. Explain reasons why people migrate. List at least THREE elements of culture. List at least THREE elements of culture. Describe ways that culture can be spread between areas. Describe ways that culture can be spread between areas. What is a downside of people emigrating to another country? What is a positive contribution immigrants can make to their new nation? Do you think there should be limitations placed on immigration to the US? Explain your answer. What is a downside of people emigrating to another country? What is a positive contribution immigrants can make to their new nation? Do you think there should be limitations placed on immigration to the US? Explain your answer. Describe one way your life would be different if the Information Age had not occurred. Describe one way your life would be different if the Information Age had not occurred.