1. Canadian & World Issues www.CraigMarlatt.com/school Demographics

2. Studying Population Population Geography The study of SPATIAL variations in the distribution, composition, migration, and growth of populations over time.

3. Studying Population Demography The study of human population dynamics. It looks at how populations change over time due to births, deaths, migration and ageing. Demographics A term for population characteristics. Demographics include birth rate, death rate, immigration, age, income, sex, education, occupation, religion, nationality, …

4. Studying Population Population change over time will inevitably affect…. Political Systems Economics Social Structures Environments

5. Studying Population Source: United Nations Populations Division, World Population Prospects, The 2004 Revision, medium variant. Developing countries Billions Developed countries

6. Studying Population Factors that may lead to population increase include: Food Health Economic Growth Migration

7. Studying Population Growth Rate the number of persons added to (or subtracted from) a population due to natural increase and net migration. Birth rate: number of live births per 1,000 population per year. Death rate: number of deaths per 1,000 population per year. Rate of Natural Increase birth rate – death rate = rate of natural increase

8. Studying Population Factors that contribute to the decline in death rate include: Better Nutrition Better Access to Medical Care Improved Sanitation Better Immunization Net Migration = immigrants – emigrants

9. Studying Population Effects of Population Increase Increased poverty Resource depletion Medicine shortages Urban sprawl

10. Studying Population A specific pattern of population growth has occurred in many developed nations during the past 60 years. 1945 1965 19852005 2025 Births Baby Boom Generation X Baby Echo Generation Y

11. Studying Population Factors that may lead to population decline Heavy Emigration Disease Famine War Sub-replacement Fertility a fertility rate that is not high enough to replace an area’s population. Sub-replacement fertility rate is 2.1 children per woman or higher.

12. Studying Population Population Decline in the past The Black Death Old World Diseases Potato Famine Population Decline today Sub-replacement Fertility Levels Migration

13. Why low sub-replacement fertility rate? Urbanization Contraception Government Policies Exception: United States where natural increase rates have remained stable… And within the US, incredible regional variations Studying Population

14. Average Number of Children per Woman Source: PRB, 2005 World Population Data Sheet. Studying Population

15. Effects of Population Decline: Deflation Rise in the standard of living Population aging Small impact on the environment Political power?