1. MONASH BUSINESS SCHOOL Exploring the relationship between psychosocial safety climate and counterproductive work behavior: a cross-level model Maria Batchelor

2. MONASH BUSINESS SCHOOL A brief introduction to counterproductive work behaviour and psychosocial safety climate

3. MONASH BUSINESS SCHOOL 3  Purposefully committed behavior which is harmful to the workplace  Harassment, absenteeism, theft, sabotage, working slowly or poor quality work (Bennett & Robinson, 2000; Spector & Fox, 2005)  Up to ¾ workers have engaged in some form (Robinson & Greenberg, 1998)  Substantial costs COUNTERPRODUCTIVE WORK BEHAVIOUR (CWB)

4. MONASH BUSINESS SCHOOL 4  In order to prevent CWB and the costs to workers and workplaces, the causes need to be understood –Individual level and job/task level already well understood (O’Boyle, Forsyth, & O’Boyle, 2010 ; Chen & Spector, 1992) –But ‘upstream’ causes (e.g. norms, culture, climate) are neglected (O’Boyle et. al, 2010) –Prior research calls for a model of CWB which explains the process leading to CWB (Balducci, Schaufeli & Fraccaroli, 2011)  Focus on psychosocial safety climate COUNTERPRODUCTIVE WORK BEHAVIOUR (CWB)

5. MONASH BUSINESS SCHOOL 5  Shared perception of workers of policies, procedures and practices of management to develop and maintain healthy psychological working environment (Dollard & Bakker 2010)  Team-level variable  Previously predicted relationship between PSC and sickness absence, but not broader CWB (Dollard, 2012)  Recent multi-level (Idris, Dollard & Tuckey, 2015) PSYCHOSOCIAL SAFETY CLIMATE (PSC)

6. MONASH BUSINESS SCHOOL Is psychosocial safety climate related to counterproductive work behaviour? And if so, how?

7. MONASH BUSINESS SCHOOL 7  JD-R theory supports a link between PSC & CWB –Psychosocial working conditions  JD-R as conceptual mechanism –Motivational pathway  Cross-level model –Co-worker social support as a job resource –Serial mediation pathway DEVELOPMENT OF CONCEPTUAL MODEL

8. MONASH BUSINESS SCHOOL 8 CONCEPTUAL MODEL

9. MONASH BUSINESS SCHOOL 9  Cross level model  Focus on the relationship pathway  Upstream antecedent of CWB –Strategies and approaches to reduce costs to workplaces and workers  Expands understanding of behavioural outcomes of PSC –Creates impetus for developing ‘good’ PSC CONTRIBUTIONS

10. MONASH BUSINESS SCHOOL 10  Balducci, C., Schaufeli, W. B., & Fraccaroli, F. (2011). The job demands–resources model and counterproductive work behaviour: The role of job-related affect. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 20(4), 467-496.  Bennett, R. J., & Robinson, S. L. (2000). Development of a Measure of Workplace Deviance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(3), 349- 360.  Chen, P. Y., & Spector, P. E. (1992). Relationships of work stressors with aggression, withdrawal, theft and substance use: An exploratory study. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 65, 177-184.  Dollard, M. F. (2012). Psychosocial safety climate: A lead indicator of workplace psychological health and engagement and a precursor to intervention success. In C. Biron, M. Karanika-Murray & C. Cooper (Eds.), Improving organizational interventions for stress and well-being: Addressing process and context (pp. 77-101). New York: Routledge/Taylor & Francis group.  Dollard, M. F., & Bakker, A. B. (2010). Psychosocial safety climate as a precursor to conducive work environments, psychological health problems, and employee engagement. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 83(3), 579-599.  Idris, M. A., Dollard, M. F., & Tuckey, M. R. (2015). Psychosocial safety climate as a management tool for employee engagement and performance: A multilevel analysis. International Journal of Stress Management, 22(2), 183-206.  O'Boyle, E. H., Forsyth, D. R., & O'Boyle, A. S. (2010). Bad Apples or Bad Barrels: An Examination of Group- and Organizational-Level Effects in the Study of Counterproductive Work Behavior. Group & Organization Management, 36(1), 39-69.  Robinson, S. L., & Greenberg, J. (1998). Employees Behaving Badly: Dimensions, Determinants and Dilemmas in the Study of Workplace Deviance (C. L. Cooper & D. M. Rousseau Eds. Vol. 5): John Wiley & Sons Ltd.  Spector, P. E., & Fox, S. (2005). The stressor-emotion model of counterproductive work behavior. In P. E. Spector & S. Fox (Eds.), Counterproductive Work Behavior: Investigations of Actors and Targets (1st ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. REFERENCES